Arranging Paradox

There are 4 cards,each card has a digit written on it (the four digits are distinct).

There are several possibilities to arrange the 4 cards in a row to form a 4-digit integer.All of the possibilities sum up to 148212.What is the minimum possible 4-digit integer that can be formed?


The answer is 6089.

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1 solution

Brian Moehring
Jul 17, 2018

We consider two cases separately:

Case 1: All four digits are nonzero

In this case, write the digits as a , b , c , d a,b,c,d . Then for instance, the digit a a is in the thousands place for any of the 3 ! = 6 3!=6 permutations of the other digits over the remaining places. Since this is true for for every place, we see that the digit a a contributes 6666 a 6666a to the sum of all four-digit numbers made from our four chosen digits. Further, since this is valid for each digit, we find that the sum of all four-digit numbers made from our four chosen digits is 148212 = 6666 a + 6666 b + 6666 c + 6666 d a + b + c + d = 148212 6666 22.234 148212 = 6666a + 6666b + 6666c + 6666d \implies a+b+c+d = \frac{148212}{6666} \approx 22.234 which is impossible since the sum of the digits must be an integer.

Case 2: One of the digits is 0

We use a similar argument, setting d = 0 d=0 . The only difference is that the digit 0 cannot be in the thousands place, so we will find the sum of the four-digit numbers where 0 is in the thousands place and subtract it from our previous computation in the first case. Specifically, if a a lies in one of the hundreds, tens, or ones place, then b , c b,c can be placed in the other two places in 2 ! = 2 2!=2 ways. Therefore, when 0 lies in the thousands place, a a contributes 222 a 222a to the sum. One again, this argument follows for each nonzero digit, giving a sum of 222 a + 222 b + 222 c 222a+222b+222c which we must subtract from the count we made in the first case: 148212 = 6666 a + 6666 b + 6666 c + 6666 ( 0 ) ( 222 a + 222 b + 222 c ) = 6444 ( a + b + c ) a + b + c = 148212 6444 = 23 148212 = 6666a + 6666b + 6666c + 6666(0) - (222a + 222b + 222c) = 6444(a+b+c) \implies a+b+c = \frac{148212}{6444} = 23 Since a , b , c a,b,c are distinct digits and 7 + 8 + 9 = 24 7+8+9 = 24 we must lower one of 7 , 8 , 9 7,8,9 by one, but the only way to do this and still have distinct digits is to have { a , b , c } = { 7 1 , 8 , 9 } = { 6 , 8 , 9 } \{a,b,c\} = \{7-1,8,9\} = \{6,8,9\}

From these cases, we can conclude the digits necessarily are 0 , 6 , 8 , 9 0,6,8,9 and the smallest four digit number we can make with these is 6089 \boxed{6089} .

why should we consider that 0 cannot be in the thousands place ? 0689 is a valid combination. Otherwise, the problem should state that numbers beginning with 0 are not accepted.

Gerard Boileau - 2 years, 8 months ago

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As a number/integer, 0689 = 689 0689 = 689 has three digits, not four. We don't count leading zeros as additional digits in numbers.

You are correct that " 0689 0689 " has four digits as a sequence or as a combination, but this isn't what the question was asking.

Brian Moehring - 2 years, 8 months ago

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