Asymmetric Polynomial

Algebra Level 5

Let a < b < c a<b<c be the three real solutions of the equation

x 3 7 x + 7 = 0 x^3-7x+7=0

What's the value of ( 3 a 4 ) ( 3 a 5 ) ( 3 c 3 b 1 ) (3a-4)(3a-5)(3c-3b-1) ?


The answer is 1.000.

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3 solutions

This is not a complete solution. First I made the substitution x = 2 1 t + 2 x=2-\dfrac{1}{t+2} to obtain ( 2 1 t + 2 ) 3 7 ( 2 1 t + 2 ) + 7 = 0 \left(2-\dfrac{1}{t+2}\right)^3-7\left(2-\dfrac{1}{t+2}\right)+7=0 . After expanding and multiply both sides by ( t + 2 ) 3 (t+2)^3 we obtain t 3 + t 2 2 t 1 = 0 t^3+t^2-2t-1=0 . Now let t = y + 1 y t=y+\dfrac{1}{y} :

( y + 1 y ) 3 + ( y + 1 y ) 2 2 ( y + 1 y ) 1 = 0 \left(y+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)^3+\left(y+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)^2-2\left(y+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)-1=0

Do the same, expand and multiply both sides by y 3 y^3 :

y 6 + y 5 + y 4 + y 3 + y 2 + y + 1 = 0 y^6+y^5+y^4+y^3+y^2+y+1=0

y 7 = 1 y^7=1 , y 1 y \neq 1

So y = e 2 π k i 7 y=e^\frac{2 \pi k i}{7} for k [ 1 , 6 ] k \in [1,6] .

Now, t = e 2 π k i 7 + e 2 π k i 7 = 2 cos ( 2 π k 7 ) t=e^\frac{2 \pi k i}{7}+e^{-\frac{2 \pi k i}{7}}=2\cos \left(\dfrac{2 \pi k}{7}\right) , this time for k [ 1 , 3 ] k \in [1,3] because for k [ 4 , 6 ] k \in [4,6] we obtain the same.

And finally, x = 2 1 2 + 2 cos ( 2 π k 7 ) = 2 1 4 sec 2 ( π k 7 ) x=2-\dfrac{1}{2+2\cos \left(\dfrac{2 \pi k}{7}\right)}=2-\dfrac{1}{4} \sec^2 \left(\dfrac{\pi k}{7}\right) .

Obtain a a , b b and c c with the given condition:

a = 2 1 4 sec 2 ( 3 π 7 ) b = 2 1 4 sec 2 ( 2 π 7 ) c = 2 1 4 sec 2 ( π 7 ) a=2-\dfrac{1}{4} \sec^2\left(\dfrac{3\pi}{7}\right) \\ b=2-\dfrac{1}{4} \sec^2\left(\dfrac{2\pi}{7}\right) \\ c=2-\dfrac{1}{4} \sec^2\left(\dfrac{\pi}{7}\right)

But how can we find the asked value from here? I tried to substitute them but I got stuck.

What motivates you to substitute x = 2 1 t + 2 x= 2 - \frac 1 {t+2} ?

Pi Han Goh - 6 years, 2 months ago

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It was just instinct. I tried all the substitutions of the form x = a 1 t + b x=a-\dfrac{1}{t+b} in order to obtain the polynomial t 3 + t 2 2 t 1 = 0 t^3+t^2-2t-1=0 . I was sure that that polynomial could be reached because there are various sevens in the equation. Again, it was just instinct.

Alan Enrique Ontiveros Salazar - 6 years, 2 months ago

Your solution is amazing although it isn't complete, but still the way you figured out the roots is absolutely amazing.

Aditya Sky - 5 years, 1 month ago

Try using newton's sums

@Emmanuel Lasker whats your solution?

Trevor Arashiro - 6 years, 3 months ago

I must confess I solved it, by using the peasant way , calculating the roots of a depleted cubic.

I am sure the bright brains, plentiful around in this website, will use a clever and skillful manipulation of Cardano-Vietta relations to come out with a more elegant procedure so far elusive to me.

I left the question unanswered because I thought there might be a proper solution for this question...

Vighnesh Raut - 6 years, 3 months ago

I'm certainly looking forward to a nice solution :)

Calvin Lin Staff - 6 years, 3 months ago

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why don't u post one ? i will try to when time permits me.

Gautam Sharma - 6 years, 3 months ago

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Could somebody please post a more simpler solution. No offence to the solution already posted.It is simply too good for me.

Aayush Patni - 6 years, 2 months ago

Can't you just use cubic formula or iterate the equation?

Felix Trihardjo - 6 years, 3 months ago

3c-3b-1 is from .02 to .00537 depending on accuracy. So the answer would require great accuracy. With my TI-83 and approximate value from graph, I was able to work out the answer. My b=1.3568959, and c=1.692021472. And the answer .9997985672. That is after knowing the answer I increased my accuracy.

Niranjan Khanderia - 6 years, 2 months ago

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