If I have 7 identical buckets in a circle, in how many ways can I put 3 balls in the buckets (you can put more than one ball in a bucket)?
Note that because they are identical, rotations are considered the same and reflections are not.
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Start by regarding ball arrangements which can be rotated to each other as distinct. There are 7 ways of putting all 3 balls in the same bucket, 7 × 6 ways of putting 2 balls in one bucket and 1 in another, and ( 3 7 ) ways of putting all 3 balls in different buckets. That makes 8 4 ways in all.
Now regarding arrangements the same if they can be rotated to each other, the 8 4 above arrangements can be grouped into 1 2 sets of 7 , where each of the arrangements in a set of 7 consists of the all the rotated variants of a particular arrangement. Thus, if we regard arrangements as the same if they can be rotated onto each other, there are 1 2 possible arrangements of balls.