Be careful when counting how many terms!

Algebra Level pending

{ a n } \{a_n\} is a sequence such that a n + a n 1 = ( 1 ) n ( n + 1 ) 2 n a_{n}+a_{n-1}=(-1)^{\frac{n(n+1)}{2}} n for positive integer n 2 n \geq 2 .

Let S n S_n denote the sum of the first n n terms of { a n } \{a_n\} .

If S 2017 = 1007 b S_{2017}=-1007-b , and a 1 b > 0 a_1 b>0 , what is the minimum value of 2 a 1 + 3 b \dfrac{2}{a_1}+\dfrac{3}{b} ?

Let A A be the minimum value, submit 10000 A \lfloor 10000A \rfloor .


The answer is 98989.

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1 solution

Mark Hennings
Sep 8, 2019

We have ( 1 ) n a n ( 1 ) n 1 a n 1 = ( 1 ) 1 2 n ( n 1 ) n n 2 (-1)^na_n - (-1)^{n-1}a_{n-1} \; = \; (-1)^{\frac12n(n-1)}n \hspace{2cm} n \ge 2 and hence that ( 1 ) n a n = a 1 + m = 2 n ( 1 ) 1 2 m ( m 1 ) m a n = ( 1 ) n + 1 a 1 + m = 2 n ( 1 ) 1 2 m ( m 1 ) + n m \begin{aligned} (-1)^na_n & = \; -a_1 + \sum_{m=2}^n (-1)^{\frac12m(m-1)}m \\ a_n & = \; (-1)^{n+1}a_1 + \sum_{m=2}^n (-1)^{\frac12m(m-1) + n}m \end{aligned} for n 2 n \ge 2 and hence that S n = a 1 ( k = 1 n ( 1 ) k + 1 ) + k = 2 n m = 2 k ( 1 ) 1 2 m ( m 1 ) + k m = a 1 ( k = 1 n ( 1 ) k + 1 ) + m = 2 n ( k = m n ( 1 ) k ) ( 1 ) 1 2 m ( m 1 ) m S_n \; = \; a_1\left(\sum_{k=1}^n (-1)^{k+1}\right) + \sum_{k=2}^n\sum_{m=2}^k (-1)^{\frac12m(m-1)+k}m \; = \; a_1\left(\sum_{k=1}^n (-1)^{k+1}\right) + \sum_{m=2}^n\left(\sum_{k=m}^n(-1)^k\right) (-1)^{\frac12m(m-1)}m for n 2 n \ge 2 . A good deal of cancelling is going on here, so that S 2 n + 1 = a 1 m = 1 n ( 1 ) 1 2 ( 2 m + 1 ) 2 m ( 2 m + 1 ) = a 1 m = 1 n ( 1 ) m ( 2 m + 1 ) S_{2n+1} \; = \; a_1 - \sum_{m=1}^{n}(-1)^{\frac12(2m+1)2m}(2m+1) \; = \; a_1 - \sum_{m=1}^n(-1)^m(2m+1) Thus we deduce that S 2017 = a 1 1008 S_{2017} = a_1 - 1008 , and hence b = 1 a 1 b = 1-a_1 . Thus we want to minimize 2 a + 3 1 a \frac{2}{a} + \frac{3}{1-a} over the range 0 < a < 1 0 < a < 1 . This minimum takes place when a = 2 2 + 3 a= \frac{\sqrt{2}}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}} , and equals A = ( 3 + 2 ) 2 = 5 + 2 6 A = (\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{2})^2 = 5 + 2\sqrt{6} . This makes the answer 98989 \boxed{98989} .

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