Bead on Quartic Wire

A bead of mass m = 1 kg m = 1 \text{ kg} is confined to a smooth wire in the shape of the curve y = x 4 y = x^4 . The ambient gravitational acceleration g = 10 m/s 2 g = 10 \text{ m/s}^2 is in the negative y y direction.

At time t = 0 t = 0 , the bead has zero speed and is located at x = 0.1 x = -0.1 . What is the time period of the bead's subsequent oscillation?


The answer is 11.726.

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1 solution

Karan Chatrath
Mar 15, 2021

Coordinates of the particle at a general time:

( x 1 , y 1 ) = ( x , x 4 ) ( x ˙ 1 , y ˙ 1 ) = ( x ˙ , 4 x 3 x ˙ ) (x_1,y_1) = (x,x^4) \implies (\dot{x}_1,\dot{y}_1) = (\dot{x},4x^3\dot{x})

The kinetic and gravitational potential energies are:

T = m 2 ( x ˙ 1 2 + y ˙ 1 2 ) = x ˙ 2 ( 1 + 16 x 6 ) 2 ; V = 10 x 4 \mathcal{T} =\frac{m}{2}\left(\dot{x}_1^2 + \dot{y}_1^2\right)= \frac{\dot{x}^2(1+16x^6)}{2} \ ; \ \mathcal{V} = 10x^4

Applying conservation of energy:

T + V = T i n i t i a l + V i n i t i a l \mathcal{T}+\mathcal{V}= \mathcal{T}_{initial}+\mathcal{V}_{initial} x ˙ 2 ( 1 + 16 x 6 ) 2 + 10 x 4 = 1 1000 \frac{\dot{x}^2(1+16x^6)}{2} + 10x^4 = \frac{1}{1000}

Rearranging gives:

x ˙ = 1 10000 x 4 500 ( 1 + 16 x 6 ) \dot{x} = \sqrt{\frac{1-10000x^4}{500(1+16x^6)}}

Separating variables and integrating from x = 0.1 x=-0.1 to x = 0 x=0 gives a quarter of the time period. Therefore:

T = 4 0.1 0 500 ( 1 + 16 x 6 ) 1 10000 x 4 d x 11.726 T = 4 \int_{-0.1}^{0} \sqrt{\frac{{500(1+16x^6)}}{1-10000x^4}} \ dx \approx 11.726

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