Suppose Flash and Streak are equally strong Ping-pong players, is it more probable that Flash will beat Streak in three games out of four, or in five games out of eight?
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Relevant wiki: Uniform Probability (by Outcomes)
P = n C r p r q n − r where: p = probability of success(win), q = probability of failure(loss), n = number of games, r = number of exact wins by Flash, and n C r = r ! ( n − r ) ! n ! = ( r n ) =binomial coefficient
Because, they are equally strong players, the probability of success is p = 2 1 , thus the probability of failure is q = 1 − p = 1 − 2 1 = 2 1
Three games out of four:
Substituting, we obtain
P = 4 C 3 ( 2 1 ) 3 ( 2 1 ) = 4 ( 8 1 ) ( 2 1 ) = 1 6 4
Five games out of eight:
Substituting, we obtain
P = 8 C 5 ( 2 1 ) 5 ( 2 1 ) 3 = 5 6 ( 3 2 1 ) ( 8 1 ) = 2 5 6 5 6 = 3 2 7
Compare:
1 6 4 ⟹ 3 2 8 (three games out of four)
3 2 7 (five games out of eight)
3 2 8 > 3 2 7 , therefore, the more probable is three out of four games.