Beyond Sins

Level pending

For some complex numbers x x , the range of s i n x sin x and c o s x cos x can actually go beyond [ 1 , 1 ] [-1, 1] . Suppose that s i n x = 2 sin x = 2 . Evaluate c o s 4 x cos 4x .


The answer is 97.

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2 solutions

Akshat Jain
Dec 17, 2013

cos 4 x = cos 2 ( 2 x ) \cos4x = \cos2(2x) = 1 2 sin 2 ( 2 x ) = 1 - 2\sin^2(2x) = 1 2 ( 2 sin x cos x ) 2 = 1 - 2(2\sin x\cdot\cos x)^2 1 8 sin 2 x ( 1 sin 2 x ) 1 - 8\sin^2x(1-\sin^2x) = 1 8 sin 2 x + 8 sin 4 x = 1 - 8\sin^2x+8\sin^4x Putting the value: = 1 32 + 128 = 97 = 1 - 32 + 128 = \fbox{97} .

It doesn't matter that our x x is not real; it is still true that sin 2 x + cos 2 x = 1 \sin^2 x + \cos^2 x = 1 , and therefore, that all other known formulae still remain true.

Using this, we find cos x = 3 \cos x = \sqrt{-3} , a lovely imaginary number commonly represented by 3 × i \sqrt{3} \times i , where i i is the imaginary unit ( i 2 = 1 i^2 = -1 ).

With the help of double angle formulae, we can find the values of cos 2 x \cos 2x and then cos 4 x \cos 4x .

Let's start with sin 2 x = 2 sin x cos x sin 2 x = 2 × 2 × 3 sin 2 x = 4 3 \sin 2x = 2 \sin x \cos x \Rightarrow \sin 2x = 2 \times 2 \times \sqrt{-3}\Rightarrow \sin 2x = 4 \sqrt{-3} .

And end with cos 4 x = 1 2 sin 2 2 x cos 4 x = 1 2 × 16 × ( 3 ) cos 4 x = 97 \cos 4x =1 - 2 \sin^2 2x \Rightarrow \cos 4x = 1 - 2 \times 16 \times (-3) \Rightarrow\boxed{\cos 4x = 97} .

Isn't math beautiful? :)

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