For some complex numbers x , the range of s i n x and c o s x can actually go beyond [ − 1 , 1 ] . Suppose that s i n x = 2 . Evaluate c o s 4 x .
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It doesn't matter that our x is not real; it is still true that sin 2 x + cos 2 x = 1 , and therefore, that all other known formulae still remain true.
Using this, we find cos x = − 3 , a lovely imaginary number commonly represented by 3 × i , where i is the imaginary unit ( i 2 = − 1 ).
With the help of double angle formulae, we can find the values of cos 2 x and then cos 4 x .
Let's start with sin 2 x = 2 sin x cos x ⇒ sin 2 x = 2 × 2 × − 3 ⇒ sin 2 x = 4 − 3 .
And end with cos 4 x = 1 − 2 sin 2 2 x ⇒ cos 4 x = 1 − 2 × 1 6 × ( − 3 ) ⇒ cos 4 x = 9 7 .
Isn't math beautiful? :)
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cos 4 x = cos 2 ( 2 x ) = 1 − 2 sin 2 ( 2 x ) = 1 − 2 ( 2 sin x ⋅ cos x ) 2 1 − 8 sin 2 x ( 1 − sin 2 x ) = 1 − 8 sin 2 x + 8 sin 4 x Putting the value: = 1 − 3 2 + 1 2 8 = 9 7 .