Biquadratics gave me Nightmare!

Algebra Level 3

( x 2 ) ( x 3 ) ( x 5 ) ( x 6 ) = 504 (x-2)(x-3)(x-5)(x-6)=504

The number of real roots of the equation above is?

1 1 0 0 4 4 2 2

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3 solutions

Andrea Palma
Mar 28, 2015

As x R x \in \mathbb R the range of the function F ( x ) = ( x 2 ) ( x 3 ) ( x 5 ) ( x 6 ) F(x) = (x-2)(x-3)(x-5)(x-6) doesn't depend on translations on the x x variable so (just to have a more symmetric problem to deal with) we can solve the equivalent question: how many roots the following equation has?

G ( x ) = F ( x + 4 ) = ( x 2 ) ( x 1 ) ( x + 1 ) ( x + 2 ) = 504 G(x) = F(x +4) = (x-2)(x-1)(x+1)(x+2) = 504

The function G ( x ) G(x) is a fourth degree polynomial with 1 1 as coefficient of x 4 x^4 and with four zeros, namely 2 , 1 , 1 -2,-1, 1 and 2 2 .

G ( x ) G(x) is striktly monotone increasing in x 2 x \geq 2 and here has range [ 0 , + ) [0, +\infty) .

G ( x ) G(x) is striktly monotone decreasing in x 2 x \leq -2 and here has range [ 0 , + ) [0, +\infty)

So there are exactly 2 2 values x 1 2 , x 2 2 x_1 \leq -2, x_2 \geq 2 such that G ( x ) = 504 G(x) = 504 .

The only other range for x x where G G is positive is in x ( 1 , 1 ) x \in (-1,1) but here we can use AM-GM and find that

G ( x ) = ( 2 x ) ( 1 x ) ( x + 1 ) ( x + 2 ) ( 6 4 ) 4 = 81 16 < 504 G(x) = (2-x)(1-x)(x+1)(x+2) \leq \left( \dfrac{6}{4}\right)^4 = \dfrac{81}{16} < 504

So x 1 , x 2 x_1, x_2 are the only roots of G ( x ) = 504 G(x) = 504 .

Sorry to say sir but i think you should look at the question once more the factors on the left side are not consecutive.

Aniket Verma - 6 years, 2 months ago

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Yes I made a mistake. I took them to be consecutive. I should pay more attention! Anyway I feel that the proof I used still works mutatis mutandis. It didn't rely on the consecutive roots except for the final AM-GM estimate that should be still valid. Thanks for pointing this out to me, mister Verma! I'm going to rewrite the right proof in minutes! :)


EDIT: just edited and corrected the proof. I hope it works properly now!


EDIT: by the way for symmetric reasons the max value that G ( x ) G(x) gets in x ( 1 , 1 ) x \in (-1,1) is for x = 0 x= 0 . We can use the better estimate G ( x ) 4 G(x) \leq 4 in that range. This better analysis leads to an answer on the number of roots of F ( x ) = k F(x) = k for every k R + k \in \mathbb R_+ .

Andrea Palma - 6 years, 2 months ago

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Nice, upvoted.. (=

Aniket Verma - 6 years, 2 months ago

I hope I don't sound too stupid but this has really been bothering me...

What is that weird e thingy between the x and the big R? Also what does the big R mean? Finally what does the big N mean when someone writes (n) (Weird e thingy) (Capital N)

John Taylor - 6 years, 2 months ago

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R \mathbb R is the set of all real numbers.

N \mathbb N is the set of all natural numbers

\in is the symb that means "belongs to"

If I write x R x \in \mathbb R I mean that x x belongs to the set of real number, so x x IS a real number.

Andrea Palma - 5 years, 10 months ago

Put x^2-8x=y,the equation reduces to (Y+12)(y+15)=504

Y^2+27y-324=0

Implies y=9 or y=-36

When y=9,x^2-8x-9=0 or x=-1 or 9

When y=-36,x^2-8x+36=0,roots are imaginary. Hence only two real roots

Nice solution!!!

YASH KASAT - 6 years, 2 months ago
Lew Sterling Jr
Mar 29, 2015

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