A huge 100 digit number N is written out in every base from 2 to 10,000. What can we say about the digit sum of N as the base increases? (We are looking for a general trend, there may be specific counter examples.)
For example, if N=22, in base 10, the digit sum is 2+2=4. In base 2, however, it is 10110, so the digit sum is 1+0+1+1+0=3.
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Base 2: the length of the number is about l o g 2 ( 1 0 1 0 0 ) , and each digit averages at (0+1)/2. So the digit sum should be near l o g 2 ( 1 0 1 0 0 ) / 2 = 1 0 0 l o g 2 ( 1 0 ) / 2 .
Base 3: The length of the number is l o g 3 ( 1 0 1 0 0 ) , and each digit averages at ( 0 + 1 + 2 ) / 3 = 1 . So the digit sum should be near 1 0 0 l o g 3 ( 1 0 ) .
Base N: The length of the number is l o g N ( 1 0 1 0 0 ) , and each digit averages at N ( N − 1 ) / ( 2 N ) = ( N − 1 ) / 2 . So the digit sum should be near 1 0 0 ( N − 1 ) l o g N ( 1 0 ) / 2 = ( 5 0 l n ( 1 0 ) ) ( N − 1 ) / l n ( N ) .
Since N-1 grows faster than l n ( N ) , the digit sum is generally increasing.
Graph of digit sum of 10^100: http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=digit+sum+of+googol+in+base+2&lk=2