Binomial Summations 2

Algebra Level 5

j = 0 13 i = 0 j ( 13 i ) = ? \large \sum_{j = 0}^{13} \sum_{i = 0}^{j} ~\binom {13}{ i} = \ ?


The answer is 61440.

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2 solutions

Sharky Kesa
Oct 10, 2016

I have a method which uses only the identity that k = 0 n ( n k ) = 2 n \displaystyle \sum_{k=0}^n \dbinom{n}{k} = 2^n . We can rewrite the summation in the following array:

( 13 0 ) + ( 13 0 ) + ( 13 1 ) + ( 13 0 ) + ( 13 1 ) + ( 13 2 ) + \begin{array} {c c c c} \dbinom{13}{0}+\\ \dbinom{13}{0}+ & \dbinom{13}{1}+\\ \dbinom{13}{0}+ & \dbinom{13}{1}+ & \dbinom{13}{2}+\\ \vdots & & & \ddots \end{array}

Let the first row be Row 1, the second row be Row 2, etc. Notice that the sum of Row n n and Row 14 n 14-n have the same sum. For example, Row 1 is ( 13 0 ) \dbinom{13}{0} and Row 13 is ( 13 0 ) + ( 13 1 ) + + ( 13 12 ) \dbinom{13}{0}+\dbinom{13}{1}+\ldots+\dbinom{13}{12} , converting ( 13 0 ) \dbinom{13}{0} to ( 13 13 ) \dbinom{13}{13} for Row 1, we get that the sum will have the exact terms as Row 14. We can do this similarly for Rows 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. If we add Row 7 to itself, we can also do this, so the sum of Row 7 is half that of Row 14. The sum of Row 14 is 2 13 2^{13} , so the total sum (remembering to add Row 14 as well) is 15 2 × 2 13 = 61440 \dfrac{15}{2} \times 2^{13} = 61440 .

We can generalise this sum to ( n + 2 ) 2 n 1 (n+2) 2^{n-1} , where n = 13 n=13 in this case.

Chew-Seong Cheong
Oct 10, 2016

S = j = 0 13 i = 0 j ( 13 i ) = j = 0 13 ( 13 j ) ( 14 j ) = 14 j = 0 13 ( 13 j ) j = 0 13 ( 13 j ) j = 14 2 13 j = 0 13 13 ! j j ! ( 13 j ) ! = 14 2 13 j = 0 12 13 12 ! j ! ( 12 j ) ! = 14 2 13 13 j = 0 12 ( 12 j ) = 14 2 13 13 2 12 = 61440 \begin{aligned} S & = \sum_{j=0}^{13} \sum_{i=0}^j {13 \choose i} \\ & = \sum_{j=0}^{13} {13 \choose j}(14-j) \\ & = 14 \sum_{j=0}^{13} {13 \choose j} - \sum_{j=0}^{13} {13 \choose j}j \\ & = 14\cdot 2^{13} - \sum_{j=0}^{13} \frac {13!\cdot j}{j!(13-j)!} \\ & = 14\cdot 2^{13} - \sum_{j=0}^{12} \frac {13\cdot 12!}{j!(12-j)!} \\ & = 14\cdot 2^{13} - 13 \sum_{j=0}^{12} {12 \choose j} \\ & = 14\cdot 2^{13} - 13 \cdot 2^{12} \\ & = \boxed{61440} \end{aligned}

Can you please explaining the second line of your answer how you do it

Ram Sita - 3 years, 7 months ago

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I have added a line to explain. Hope that it is useful.

Chew-Seong Cheong - 3 years, 7 months ago

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