Five fair six-sided dice are rolled. The probability that the sum of the numbers facing up is exactly can be expressed as , where and are positive coprime integers. Find .
See Part II here .
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The number N of different ways in which five distinct dice can sum to 2 1 is equal to the coefficient of x 2 1 in the polynomial ( x + x 2 + x 3 + x 4 + x 5 + x 6 ) 5 = ( 1 − x x ( 1 − x 6 ) ) 5 = x 5 ( 1 − x 6 ) 5 ( 1 − x ) − 5 = x 5 ( 1 − x ) − 5 − 5 x 1 1 ( 1 − x ) − 5 + 1 0 x 1 6 ( 1 − x ) − 5 − ⋯ Since ( 1 − x ) − 5 = n ≥ 0 ∑ ( 4 n + 4 ) x n ∣ x ∣ < 1 we deduce that N = ( 4 2 0 ) − 5 ( 4 1 4 ) + 1 0 ( 4 8 ) = 5 4 0 which makes the desired probability 6 5 N = 7 2 5 so the answer is 5 + 7 2 = 7 7 .