BMO maximum

Algebra Level 4

If the maximum value of the expression x 2 y y 2 x x^2y-y^2x with 0 x 1 0\leq x\leq1 and 0 y 1 0\leq y\leq1 can be expressed as m n \frac{m}{n} with m m and n n co-prime integer numbers find the value m + n m+n


The answer is 5.

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4 solutions

Isaac Buckley
Aug 9, 2015

Using AM-GM: x 2 y x y 2 = x y ( x y ) ( x y + x y 2 ) 2 = ( ( x 1 ) ( y + 1 ) + 1 ) 2 4 x^2y-xy^2=xy(x-y)≤\left(\frac{xy+x-y}{2}\right)^2=\frac{\left((x-1)(y+1)+1\right)^2}{4}

We then see that ( x 1 ) ( y + 1 ) 0 (x-1)(y+1)≤0 for 0 x , y 1. 0≤x,y≤1.

So the max value occurs at 1 4 \frac{1}{4} when x = 1 x=1 and y = 1 2 y=\frac{1}{2}

Devasish Basu
Aug 9, 2015

(x^2)y-x(y^2) = xy(x-y). This can be maxed by keeping at it uppermost level i.e. x= 1 This reduces the function to y(1-y) whose maximum value comes at y = 1/2 and the value of the function then is 1/4 = m/n Therefore, m+n = 5

Abe Morillo
Aug 7, 2015

Same solutions.

Let A = x 2 y y 2 x = x y ( x y ) A=x^2y-y^2x=xy(x-y) .

If x < y x<y , then A < 0 A<0 .

If x > y x>y , applying AM-GM inequality we have:

A = x y ( x y ) x ( y + x y ) 2 4 = x 3 4 1 4 A=xy(x-y)\le \dfrac{x(y+x-y)^2}{4}=\dfrac{x^3}{4}\le\dfrac{1}{4}

The equality holds if and only if x = 1 ; y = 1 2 x=1; y=\dfrac{1}{2} .

So, the maximum value of A A is 1 4 \dfrac{1}{4} and m + n = 5 m+n=\boxed{5} .

I was to hasty to look at the solutions, but I think I have one now. Assume WLOG that x > y such that x = y+a to give x 2 y y 2 x = a y ( a + y ) 1 2 ( y 2 + a 2 ) ( y + a ) \ x^2y - y^2 x = ay (a+y) \leq\frac{1}{2} (y^2 +a^2)(y+a) (by AM-GM) with equality when a = y such that x = 2y. Substituting this into our original inequality yields x 2 y y 2 x = 2 y 3 = 2 y = 1 , x = 1 2 \ x^2y - y^2 x = 2y^3 = 2 \Rightarrow\ y = 1 \ , \ x = \frac{1}{2} x y ( x y ) = 1 4 \therefore\ xy(x-y) = \frac{1}{4}

Curtis Clement - 5 years, 10 months ago

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