Boiling water with resistors.

In order to boil an amount of water, people can use 2 resistors with resistance R 1 , R 2 R_1, R_2 , respectively.

If R 1 R_1 is only used, it will take 10 minutes to boil.

If R 2 R_2 is only used, it will take 15 minutes to boil.

If both resistors are used in parallel, how many minutes will it take to boil the water?

Note: The voltage is the same in all setups.


The answer is 6.

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1 solution

Karan Chatrath
Nov 16, 2020

Let the applied voltage be V V and the heat required to boil the water be H H . So when R 1 R_1 is used:

H = I 1 2 R 1 t 1 H = I_1^2R_1 t_1

And when R 2 R_2 is used:

H = I 2 2 R 2 t 2 H = I_2^2R_2 t_2

Now, since the source voltage is the same:

V = I 1 R 1 = I 2 R 2 V = I_1R_1=I_2R_2

Using this result in the Heat expressions:

H = V 2 t 1 R 1 = V 2 t 2 R 2 H = \frac{V^2t_1}{R_1} = \frac{V^2t_2}{R_2} R 1 = V 2 t 1 H R_1 = \frac{V^2t_1}{H} R 2 = V 2 t 2 H R_2 = \frac{V^2t_2}{H}

Now, if R 1 R_1 and R 2 R_2 are connected in parallel, their equivalent resistance is:

R = ( 1 R 1 + 1 R 2 ) 1 R = \left(\frac{1}{R_1} + \frac{1}{R_2}\right) ^{-1}

Plugging in expressions for R 1 R_1 and R 2 R_2 : R = V 2 t 1 t 2 H ( t 1 + t 2 ) R = \frac{V^2t_1t_2}{H(t_1 + t_2)}

Rearranging gives:

H = V 2 R ( t 1 t 2 t 1 + t 2 ) H = \frac{V^2}{R} \left(\frac{t_1t_2}{t_1+t_2}\right)

So, the heat required is the power supplied by the source times the time taken to heat the water. The required time is therefore:

t = t 1 t 2 t 1 + t 2 = 6 m i n t =\frac{t_1t_2}{t_1+t_2} = \boxed{6 \ \mathrm{min}}

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