Bouyant force

A hollow cylinder 1.0 1.0 m. in diameter and 2 2 m. long weighs 3825 3825 newtons. How many kilonewtons of lead weighing 110 110 kilonewtons per cubic meter must be fastened to the outside bottom to make the cylinder float vertically with 1.5 1.5 m. submerged in fresh water. Give your answer to one decimal place.

Details:

  1. The unit weight of fresh water is 9.81 9.81 kilonewtons per cubic meter.

  2. “m” means meter

  3. Use π = 3.1416 \pi=3.1416 .


The answer is 8.5.

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1 solution

Relevant wiki: Fluid Mechanics

Consider the diagram. Because the system is in equilibrium, summation of forces acting vertical must be zero. We have

W C + W L = B F C + B F L W_C+W_{L}=BF_{C}+BF_{L}

3.825 + W L = π 4 ( 1 ) 2 ( 1.5 ) ( 9.81 ) + V L ( 9.81 ) 3.825+W_{L}=\dfrac{\pi}{4}(1)^2(1.5)(9.81)+V_{L}(9.81)

However, γ L = W L V L \gamma_{L} =\dfrac{W_{L}}{V_{L}} or V L = W L 110 V_{L}=\dfrac{W_{L}}{110}

So we have

3825 + W L = 3.1416 4 ( 1 ) 2 ( 1.5 ) ( 9.81 ) + W L 100 ( 9.81 ) 3825+W_{L}=\dfrac{3.1416}{4}(1)^2(1.5)(9.81)+\dfrac{W_{L}}{100}(9.81)

W L 8.5 k N W_{L}\approx \boxed{8.5~kN}

Symbols:

W L W_{L} = weight of lead

W C W_{C} = weight of cylinder

B F L BF_{L} = bouyant force of lead

B F C BF_{C} = bouyant force of cylinder

γ L \gamma_{L} = unit weight of lead

V L V_{L} = volume of lead

W L W_{L} = weight of lead

Note:

Bouyant Force = weight of the fluid displaced = volume of object displaced x unit weight of fluid

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