Bowl of water

Calculus Level pending

Consider a bowl, a hollow hemisphere, with an inner radius of 5 cm \text{5 cm} and a thickness of 2.5 mm \text{2.5 mm} . The mass density of the bowl is modeled by ρ ( x , y , z ) = 1 0 5 z \rho(x,y,z)=10^5z in kg/m 3 \text{kg/m}^3 . If the bowl is filled to the brim with water, calculate the total mass of the bowl and water in grams ( g \text{g} ), rounded to the nearest whole number. The density of water is 1000 kg/m 3 \text{1000 kg/m}^3 .

For the bowl, the origin of the coordinate system is at the center of the sphere of which the bowl is the lower hemisphere. If you get a negative mass value, take the absolute value.


The answer is 368.

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1 solution

Karan Chatrath
Apr 15, 2020

This was a bit messy in terms of calculations. Here is my shot at it:

Density is:

ρ = 100000 z \rho = 100000z

Converting to spherical coordinates gives:

x = r sin θ cos ϕ x = r\sin{\theta}\cos{\phi} y = r sin θ sin ϕ y = r\sin{\theta}\sin{\phi} z = r cos θ z = r\cos{\theta}

The volume element in spherical coordinates is:

d V = r 2 sin θ d r d θ d ϕ dV = r^2 \sin{\theta} \ dr \ d\theta \ d\phi

For the bowl the mass in kilograms is:

d M = ρ d V dM = \rho \ dV M B = 1 0 5 0.05 0.05 + 2.5 1000 π / 2 π 0 2 π r 3 sin θ cos θ d ϕ d θ d r \implies M_B = 10^5 \int_{0.05}^{0.05+\frac{2.5}{1000}} \int_{\pi/2}^{\pi} \int_{0}^{2 \pi} r^3 \sin{\theta}\cos{\theta} \ d\phi \ d\theta \ dr M B = 34481 π 1024000 M_B = \frac{34481 \pi}{1024000}

The mass of water in kilograms is:

M W = 1000 ( 2 3 π ( 5 100 ) 3 ) = 250 π 3000 M_W = 1000\left(\frac{2}{3} \pi \left(\frac{5}{100}\right)^3\right)=\frac{250 \pi}{3000}

The answer in kilograms is the sum of M B M_B and M W M_W and that is converted to grams. The required answer is 368 \boxed{368} .

The given density function is strange. If one were to treat a hollow sphere of same inner and outer radius and attempt to calculate its mass, mathematically, it would evaluate to zero.

I just made up a function and multiplied it by a large number so it didn't end up having a mass of like 1 m g 1mg .

Charley Shi - 1 year, 1 month ago

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Alright. It is a nice problem, however. Thanks for posting

Karan Chatrath - 1 year, 1 month ago

If I convert the density function to g/cm^3, I get the mass of the bowl to be 10579g. Can someone explain why I can't integrate using r = 5 to 5.25? @Charley Feng

Chiang Jun Siang - 1 year, 1 month ago

the dimensions of the density function need to be dimensionally consistent with kg/m 3 \text{kg/m}^3 . Since you are using cm \text{cm} , and 1 m 3 = ( 1 × 1 0 2 c m ) 3 = 1 0 6 c m 3 1m^3=(1\times10^{-2}cm)^{3}=10^{-6}cm^{3} , you also need to multiply k g kg by 1 0 6 10^{-6} which gives you the units of m g / c m 3 mg/cm^3 . However, correct me if I'm wrong, this will make your answer 10579 m g 10579mg which will be 10.579 10.579 which is a tenth of the correct answer. You can actually integrate with any units as long as you account for conversion factors and are dimensionally consistent.

Charley Shi - 1 year, 1 month ago

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