Broken Pinwheel

Geometry Level 5

In a quadrilateral A B C D ABCD let A B D = B D C = 4 5 \angle ABD=\angle BDC=45^\circ , B C A = 2 0 \angle BCA=20^\circ , and D A C = 4 0 . \angle DAC=40^\circ. Find the smaller of the two angles between the diagonals.

Report the average of the solutions to this problem to four decimal places.

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The answer is 58.4333.

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1 solution

Marta Reece
Jan 16, 2017

The sides AB and CD of the quadrilateral have to be parallel, since A B D = B D C \angle ABD=\angle BDC . We can set the distance between the lines to 1. Let's name the B A C = A C D = x \angle BAC=\angle ACD=x . This has to satisfy the equation

cot ( x + 4 0 ) + 1 + cot ( x + 2 0 ) = cot ( x ) \cot(x+40^\circ)+1+\cot(x+20^\circ)=\cot(x)

Using the identity for a cotangent of a sum, we get

cot ( x ) 1 = cot ( 4 0 ) × cot ( x ) 1 cot ( 4 0 ) + cot ( x ) + cot ( 2 0 ) × cot ( x ) 1 cot ( 2 0 ) + cot ( x ) \cot(x)-1=\frac{\cot(40^\circ)\times \cot(x)-1}{\cot(40^\circ)+\cot(x)}+\frac{\cot(20^\circ)\times \cot(x)-1}{\cot(20^\circ)+\cot(x)}

This is a third degree equation in cot ( x ) \cot(x) with three solutions:

cot ( x 1 ) = 2.7858 , x 1 = 19.746 3 \cot(x_{1})=2.7858, x_{1}=19.7463^\circ , which corresponds to an angle between diagonals of 64.746 3 64.7463^\circ .

cot ( x 2 ) = 0.1249 , x 2 = 82.879 7 \cot(x_{2})=0.1249, x_{2}=82.8797^\circ , which corresponds to an angle between diagonals of 52.120 3 52.1203^\circ .

and finally cot ( x 3 ) = 1.9071 , x 3 = 117.670 1 \cot(x_{3})=-1.9071, x_{3}=117.6701^\circ .

This configuration, however, does not give a quadrilateral with desired properties and is therefore not a valid solution.

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