In a quadrilateral let , , and Find the smaller of the two angles between the diagonals.
Report the average of the solutions to this problem to four decimal places.
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The sides AB and CD of the quadrilateral have to be parallel, since ∠ A B D = ∠ B D C . We can set the distance between the lines to 1. Let's name the ∠ B A C = ∠ A C D = x . This has to satisfy the equation
cot ( x + 4 0 ∘ ) + 1 + cot ( x + 2 0 ∘ ) = cot ( x )
Using the identity for a cotangent of a sum, we get
cot ( x ) − 1 = cot ( 4 0 ∘ ) + cot ( x ) cot ( 4 0 ∘ ) × cot ( x ) − 1 + cot ( 2 0 ∘ ) + cot ( x ) cot ( 2 0 ∘ ) × cot ( x ) − 1
This is a third degree equation in cot ( x ) with three solutions:
cot ( x 1 ) = 2 . 7 8 5 8 , x 1 = 1 9 . 7 4 6 3 ∘ , which corresponds to an angle between diagonals of 6 4 . 7 4 6 3 ∘ .
cot ( x 2 ) = 0 . 1 2 4 9 , x 2 = 8 2 . 8 7 9 7 ∘ , which corresponds to an angle between diagonals of 5 2 . 1 2 0 3 ∘ .
and finally cot ( x 3 ) = − 1 . 9 0 7 1 , x 3 = 1 1 7 . 6 7 0 1 ∘ .
This configuration, however, does not give a quadrilateral with desired properties and is therefore not a valid solution.