Let denote the least degree polynomial with integer coefficients such that it has a root . What is the degree of the polynomial ?
Bonus : Prove that is a perfect square.
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I will outline a proof, but there is a piece missing at the end. Let's start with the cyclotomic polynomial Φ 9 ( x ) = x 6 − x 3 + 1 ; it follows that the minimal polynomial of 2 cos ( π / 9 ) is x 3 − 3 x + 1 . Using the double angle formulas twice, we see that cos ( π / 1 8 ) and sin ( π / 3 6 ) are roots of polynomials of degree 6 and 12 respectively (and these polynomials are even, so that f ( 1 ) f ( − 1 ) = ( f ( 1 ) ) 2 ). It follows that sin ( 4 3 π / 3 6 ) = sin ( 2 0 1 5 o ) is a root of a polynomial of degree 12 as well... but how can we show with elementary tools that this polynomial is irreducible? I can show it with Galois theory...