Calculating manually will take eons to solve it!

Algebra Level 3

1 + 2 2 + 3 2 2 + 4 2 3 + + 100 2 99 = ? 1+2 \cdot 2+ 3 \cdot 2^2 + 4 \cdot 2^3 + \cdots+ 100 \cdot 2^{99}= \, ?

99 2 100 1 99 \cdot 2^{100}-1 99 2 100 99 \cdot 2^{100} 99 2 100 + 1 99 \cdot 2^{100}+1 100 2 100 100 \cdot 2^{100}

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3 solutions

Ryan Tamburrino
Aug 9, 2015

Call the sum S S . Subtract S S from 2 S 2S . Apply the formula for a finite geometric series. You're done!


A bit more work:
First, we have
S = 1 + 2 ( 2 ) + 3 ( 2 2 ) + 4 ( 2 3 ) + . . . + 99 ( 2 ) 98 + 100 ( 2 ) 99 S=1 + 2(2) + 3(2^2) + 4(2^3) + ... +99(2)^{98} + 100(2)^{99} Therefore, 2 S = 2 + 2 ( 2 2 ) + 3 ( 2 3 ) + 4 ( 2 4 ) + . . . + 99 ( 2 99 ) + 100 ( 2 100 ) 2S=2+2(2^2)+3(2^3)+4(2^4)+...+99(2^{99})+100(2^{100}) So, evaluating 2 S S 2S-S , we reach 2 S S = 100 ( 2 100 ) ( 2 99 + 2 98 + 2 97 + . . . + 2 3 + 2 2 + 2 + 1 ) 2S-S=100(2^{100}) - (2^{99}+2^{98}+2^{97}+...+2^3+2^2+2+1) Now, we apply the formula for a finite geometric series: 2 99 + 2 98 + 2 97 + . . . + 2 3 + 2 2 + 2 + 1 = 1 2 100 1 2 = 2 100 1 2^{99}+2^{98}+2^{97}+...+2^3+2^2+2+1=\dfrac{1-2^{100}}{1-2}=2^{100}-1 And finally, substituting our condensed geometric series, we find that S = 100 ( 2 100 ) 2 100 + 1 = 99 ( 2 100 ) + 1 S=100(2^{100})-2^{100}+1=99(2^{100})+1

Moderator note:

Great work!

@Sandeep Bhardwaj

The solutions for this arithmetico-geometric sequence are great.... Sir, can we apply this same technique for AGP sums in JEE?

Upamanyu Mukharji - 5 years, 1 month ago

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Yes you can.

Anurag hooda - 3 years, 7 months ago

This is totally wrong. 2S-S won't give you the equation you wrote, but will give you the question statement back again.

Dhruv Arora - 2 years, 10 months ago

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It's correct please don't comment falsely if you haven't tried the question.

D K - 2 years, 10 months ago

Just a standard AGP.Once You flow through the beauty of AGP its just a calculation that can make your answer.

D K - 2 years, 10 months ago

but why is it showing the 'C' op-tion is incorrect

dinesh kumar - 2 years, 1 month ago

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Yeah they just wanted to force us to create an account on their website so no matter what you answer it will be incorrect. Very dirty technique employed by Brilliant.org

Praful Prasad - 1 year, 8 months ago

Many are Indians🇮🇳🇮🇳🇮🇳

Abhishek Patil - 9 months, 3 weeks ago

sir we can solve this by direct formula ?

Rohit Bhardwaj - 8 months, 2 weeks ago
Lucas Maekawa
Jan 31, 2018

Let f ( n ) = 1 + 2 2 + 3 2 2 + + n 2 n 1 f(n)=1+2\cdot2+3\cdot2^2+\ldots+n\cdot2^{n-1} . We have that f ( n ) = ( n 1 ) 2 n + 1 f(n)=(n-1)\cdot2^n+1 .

Proof: For n = 1 n=1 , we have that our statement is true, since f ( 1 ) = ( 1 1 ) 2 1 + 1 = 0 2 1 + 1 = 1 f(1)=(1-1)\cdot2^1+1=0\cdot2^1+1=1 .

So let's assume that f ( n ) = ( n 1 ) 2 n + 1 f(n)=(n-1)\cdot2^n+1 . In this case:

f ( n + 1 ) = 1 + 2 2 + 3 2 2 + + ( n + 1 ) 2 n = f ( n ) + ( n + 1 ) 2 n = ( n 1 ) 2 n + 1 + ( n + 1 ) 2 n = 2 n 2 n + 1 = n 2 n + 1 + 1 \begin{aligned}f(n+1)&=1+2\cdot2+3\cdot2^2+\ldots+(n+1)\cdot2^{n}\\ &=f(n)+(n+1)\cdot2^{n}\\ &=(n-1)\cdot2^n+1+(n+1)\cdot2^n\\ &=2n\cdot2^n+1\\ &=n\cdot2^{n+1}+1\end{aligned}

So the statement holds true for all natural numbers.

Finally, f ( 100 ) = 99 2 100 + 1 f(100)=99\cdot2^{100}+1 .

Very best. Man

Karthik Jammu - 2 years, 8 months ago
Hadia Qadir
Aug 18, 2015

First let x = 2.

Also, we let (1) S = 1 + 2x + 3x^2 + 4x^3 + ... + 100x^9. Then, (2) S * x = x + 2x^2 + 3x^3 + ... + 99x^99 + 100x^100.

Now, (1) - (2) => S(1 - x) = 1 + x + x^2 + x^3 + ... + x^99 - 100x^100. Notice the sequence: x + x^2 + x^3 + ... + x^99, using the formula on getting the sum of geometric sequence, we get [x(1 - x^99)]/(1 - x) and the substituting 2 to x, we now have S(1 - 2) = 1 + 2(1 - 2^99)/(1 - 2) - 100(2^99) => S(-1) = 1 - 2(1 - 2^99) - 100(2^100) => S(-1) = 1 + 2^100 - 2 - 100(2^100) => S(-1) = - 99(2^100) - 1 and so S = 99(2^100) + 1.

Any short trick to solve this question??

abhishek sharma - 3 years, 6 months ago

if u looking for short trick u can Using the formula which are ( a T n ) 1 r a n d 1 ( 1 r ) 2 S n A l l m i d d l e T n \frac{(a-Tn)}{1-r} and \frac{1}{(1-r)^2}*Sn-All-middle-Tn .

S n = a [ a + ( n 1 ) d r n 1 r + d r ( 1 r n 1 ( 1 r ) 2 = 1 100 2 99 1 2 + 1 2 ( 1 2 99 ) ( 1 2 ) 2 = 99 2 100 + 1 Sn=\frac{a-[a+(n-1)dr^n}{1-r}+\frac{dr(1-r^{n-1}}{(1-r)^2} =\frac{1-100*2^{99}}{1-2}+\frac{1*2(1-2^{99})}{(1-2)^2} =99*2^{100}+1

Lim HongYi - 1 year, 7 months ago

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