Limit of so many powers

Calculus Level 3

lim x ( x + 1 ) 10 + ( x + 2 ) 10 + ( x + 3 ) 10 + + ( x + 100 ) 10 x 10 + 1 0 10 = 4 n \lim_{x \to \infty} \dfrac{(x + 1)^{10} + (x + 2)^{10} + (x+3)^{10} + \cdots + (x + 100)^{10}}{x^{10} + 10^{10}} = 4n Find n n .


The answer is 25.

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3 solutions

Chew-Seong Cheong
Sep 10, 2018

L = lim x ( x + 1 ) 10 + ( x + 2 ) 10 + ( x + 3 ) 10 + + ( x + 100 ) 10 x 10 + 1 0 10 Divide up and down by x 10 = lim x ( 1 + 1 x ) 10 + ( 1 + 2 x ) 10 + ( 1 + 3 x ) 10 + + ( 1 + 100 x ) 10 1 + 1 0 10 x 10 = 100 1 = 4 ( 25 ) \begin{aligned} L & = \lim_{x \to \infty} \frac {(x+1)^{10}+(x+2)^{10}+(x+3)^{10}+\cdots +(x+100)^{10}}{x^{10}+10^{10}} & \small \color{#3D99F6} \text{Divide up and down by } x^{10} \\ & = \lim_{x \to \infty} \frac {\left(1+\frac 1x \right)^{10}+\left(1+\frac 2x\right)^{10}+\left(1+\frac 3x\right)^{10}+ \cdots + \left(1+\frac {100}x \right)^{10}}{1+\frac {10^{10}}{x^{10}}} \\ & = \frac {100}1 = 4(25) \end{aligned}

Therefore, n = 25 n = \boxed{25} .

Tom Engelsman
Sep 9, 2018

The above numerator can be expressed as the following:

100 x 10 + ( 10 1 ) ( 1 + 2 + . . . + 100 ) x 9 + ( 10 2 ) ( 1 2 + 2 2 + . . . + 10 0 2 ) x 8 + . . . + ( 10 9 ) ( 1 9 + 2 9 + . . . + 10 0 9 ) x + ( 1 10 + 2 10 + . . . + 10 0 10 ) 100x^{10} + {10 \choose 1} \cdot (1+2+...+100)x^9 + {10 \choose 2} \cdot (1^2+2^2+...+100^2)x^8 + ... + {10 \choose 9} \cdot (1^9+2^9+...+100^9)x + (1^{10} + 2^{10} + ... + 100^{10})

using binomial expansions. Since the degree of the numerator polynomial equals the degree of the denominator polynomial, the limit is simply computed to 100 as x x \rightarrow \infty and n = 25 . \boxed{n = 25}. above.

Naren Bhandari
Sep 12, 2018

Consider a function y = ( x + a ) k y= (x+a)^k then the nth derivative of function we have is y n = k ! ( x + a ) k n y_n = k! (x+a)^{k-n} Now L = 1 x 10 + 1 0 10 ( k = 1 100 ( x + k ) 10 ) L 10 = 1 9 ! x ( 9 ! k = 1 100 ( x + k ) ) = 1 x ( 100 x + k = 1 100 k ) = 100 = 25 × 4 \begin{aligned} &L = \dfrac{1}{x^{10} +10^{10}} \left(\sum_{k=1}^{100} \,(x+k)^{10}\right)\\& L_{10}= \dfrac{1}{9!x}\left(9!\sum_{k=1}^{100}\,(x +k)\right) = \dfrac{1}{x}\left(100x+\sum_{k=1}^{100} k\right) =100 =25\times 4 \end{aligned} So n = 25 n=25 .

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