Calculus Beyond the imagination.

Algebra Level 4

( 2 π / tan 1 x 4 ) ( x 4 ) ( x 10 ) x ! ( x 1 ) ! < 0 \large\ \frac {(2^{\pi/\tan^{-1}x} - 4)(x - 4)(x - 10)}{x! - (x - 1) !} < 0

Find the number integral values of x x for which the inequality above is true.


The answer is 5.

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1 solution

Let g ( x ) = ( 2 π / tan 1 x 4 ) ( x 4 ) ( x 10 ) g(x) = (2^{\pi/\tan^{-1}x}-4)(x-4)(x-10) , h ( x ) = x ! ( x 1 ) ! h(x) = x!-(x-1)! and f ( x ) = g ( x ) h ( x ) f(x) = \dfrac {g(x)}{h(x)} .

Considering h ( x ) h(x) : We note that n ! n! , where n n is an integer, is real if n 0 n \ge 0 , therefore, x 1 0 x 1 x-1\ge 0 \implies x \ge 1 . But when x = 1 x = 1 , h ( x ) = x ! ( x 1 ) ! = 1 ! 0 ! = 1 1 = 0 \implies h(x) = x! - (x-1)! = 1! - 0! = 1-1 = 0 , f ( x ) \implies f(x) \to \infty , which is undefined. Therefore, x 2 x \ge 2 . and for x 2 x \ge 2 , h ( x ) = x ! ( x 1 ) ! > 0 h(x) = x! - (x-1)! > 0 , f ( x ) < 0 \implies f(x) < 0 when g ( x ) < 0 g(x)< 0 .

Considering g ( x ) g(x) : We note that g ( x ) < 0 g(x) < 0 , when one or all three of its factors g 1 ( x ) = 2 π / tan 1 x 4 g_1(x) = 2^{\pi/\tan^{-1}x}-4 , g 2 ( x ) = x 4 g_2(x) = x-4 and g 3 ( x ) = x 10 g_3(x) = x-10 are negative.

  • Considering g 1 ( x ) g_1(x) : The minimum value of min ( 2 π / tan 1 x ) = 2 2 = 4 \min (2^{\pi/\tan^{-1} x}) = 2^2 = 4 , when x x \to \infty . Therefore, g 1 ( x ) = 2 π / tan 1 x 4 > 0 g_1(x) = 2^{\pi/\tan^{-1}x}-4 > 0 for x > 0 x > 0 .
  • And g ( x ) < 0 g(x) < 0 when g 2 ( x ) = x 4 > 0 x 5 g_2(x) = x - 4 > 0 \implies x \ge 5 and g 3 ( x ) = x 10 < 0 x 9 g_3(x) = x - 10 < 0 \implies x \le 9 .

Therefore, f ( x ) < 0 f(x) < 0 , when 5 x 9 5 \le x \le 9 , and x x has 5 \boxed{5} integral values.

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I Gede Arya Raditya Parameswara - 3 years, 6 months ago

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