Calculus + Number Theory = Calcumber Theory

S = n = 1 τ ( n ) n 4 \Large \mathcal{S} = \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \dfrac{\tau (n)}{n^4}

Find the value of 10000 × S \lfloor 10000 \times \mathcal{S} \rfloor .

Details and Assumptions :

  • τ ( n ) \tau (n) denotes the number of divisors of n n .


The answer is 11714.

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1 solution

Jake Lai
Dec 6, 2015

For functions f , g : N C f,g: \mathbb{N} \to \mathbb{C} (ie arithmetic functions) define the Dirichlet convolution * by

( f g ) ( n ) = d n f ( d ) g ( n d ) (f*g)(n) = \sum_{d|n} f(d)g(\frac{n}{d})

It can be proven that

n = 1 ( f g ) ( n ) n s = [ n = 1 f ( n ) n s ] [ n = 1 g ( n ) n s ] \sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{(f*g)(n)}{n^s} = \left[ \sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{f(n)}{n^s} \right] \left[ \sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{g(n)}{n^s} \right]

It is clear to see that τ ( n ) = d n 1 = ( 1 1 ) ( n ) \displaystyle \tau(n) = \sum_{d|n} 1 = (1*1)(n) , so

n = 1 τ ( n ) n s = ζ 2 ( s ) \sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{\tau(n)}{n^s} = \zeta^2(s)

Applying this to s = 4 s = 4 ,

n = 1 τ ( n ) n s = ζ 2 ( 4 ) \sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{\tau(n)}{n^s} = \boxed{\zeta^2(4)}

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