Let be the anti clockwise semicircle represented by . If is the differential of the arc length of the curve, what is the value of
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C is determined by parametric equations x = cos t , y = sin t , − 2 π ≤ t ≤ 2 π , and d S = ( d t d x ) 2 + ( d t d y ) 2 d t , then we obtain N = ∫ − 2 π 2 π ( 2 + cos 2 t sin t ) ( − sin t ) 2 + ( cos t ) 2 d t = 2 ( ∫ 0 2 π 2 d t − ∫ 0 2 π cos 2 t d ( cos t ) ) = 2 ( π − 3 1 cos 3 t ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ 0 2 π ) = 2 ( π + 3 1 ) ≈ 6 . 9 5 # Q . E . D . #