What is the volume of the three-dimensional structure bounded by the region 0 ≤ z ≤ 1 − x 2 − y 2 ?
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The volume is equivalent to the double integral of the suface over its projection onto the xy-plane, i.e. the region R formed when 1 − x 2 − y 2 ≥ 0 ⇒ x 2 + y 2 ≤ 1 . Thus, the volume is ∫ ∫ R 1 − x 2 − y 2 d x d y = ∫ 0 2 π ∫ 0 1 ( 1 − r 2 ) r d r d θ = 2 π ( 2 r 2 − 4 r 4 ) ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ 0 1 = 2 π .
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Use cylindrical/polar coordinates, since the region of integration in the xy-plane (from projecting the region onto the xy-plane) is bounded by x 2 + y 2 = 1 .
Since x 2 + y 2 = r 2 , we can rewrite z = 1 − x 2 − y 2 as z = 1 − r 2 .
So, the volume ∫ ∫ ∫ 1 d V equals :
∫ θ = 0 θ = 2 π ∫ r = 0 r = 1 ∫ z = 0 z = 1 − r 2 1 ∗ ( r ∗ d z ∗ d r ∗ d θ )
= 2 π ∫ r = 0 r = 1 r ( 1 − r 2 ) d r
= π ∫ r = 0 r = 1 ( 2 r − 2 r 3 ) d r
= 2 π
= 2 3 . 1 4
= 1 . 5 7