Can william do the matrix successfully?

Let A A be a ( 0 , 1 ) m a t r i x (0,1)-matrix of size m × n ( m 2 , n 2 ) m×n(m≥2,n≥2) with property Φ Φ : 0 and 1 both appear at least once at each line and each column of A A .

Is William always able to delete ( m 2 ) (m-2) lines and ( n 2 ) (n-2) columns of A A to get a ( 0 , 1 ) m a t i x (0,1)-matix of size 2×2 with property Φ Φ

Yes Depend on what A looks like. Never

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1 solution

Haosen Chen
Jan 2, 2018

The answer is YES.

Suppose A A is a ( 0 , 1 ) m a t r i x (0,1)-matrix of size m × n m×n ( m , n 3 ) (m,n\ge 3) with property Φ \Phi . I'll show that A A can be reduced to ( 0 1 1 0 ) \left( \begin{array}{cc} 0 & 1 \\ 1 & 0 \\ \end{array} \right) or ( 1 0 0 1 ) \left( \begin{array}{cc} 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 \\ \end{array} \right) by induction.

(1) Any 2 × n ( n 3 ) 2×n(n\ge 3) matrix B B with property Φ \Phi can be reduces to or .

WLOG the first column of B B is ( 1 0 ) \left( \begin{array}{c} 1 \\ 0 \\ \end{array} \right) ,by Φ \Phi there exists another column of B B which is ( 0 1 ) \left( \begin{array}{c} 0 \\ 1 \\ \end{array} \right) (Otherwise the first line has no 0,which is a contradiction). Save the two columns and delete other elements in B B to get matrix .

(2) Do induction on m m . Case m = 2 m=2 has been done. Assume the conclusion when m=k is true.

For m=k+1,we first delete the ( k + 1 ) t h (k+1)_{th} line of A to get a k × n k×n matrix A A' .

( i ) If A A' has the property Φ \Phi ,then delete the ( k + 1 ) t h (k+1)_{th} line of A and apply the inductive assumption to get or .

( ii ) If A' doesn't have the property Φ \Phi ,then there exists j j such that the j t h j_{th} column of A' consists only of 0 or consists

only of 1. WLOG the former case. Use a ( x , y ) a(x,y) to represent the element at the x t h x^{th} line and y t h y^{th} column of A.

Then a ( k + 1 , j ) = 1 a(k+1,j)=1 . Since A A has property Φ \Phi , there exists h ( h j ) h (h≠j) such that a ( k + 1 , h ) = 0 a(k+1,h)=0 , and there exists l ( l k + 1 ) l (l≠ k+1)

such that a ( l , h ) = 1 a(l,h)=1 . We're happy to see that a ( l , j ) = 0 a(l,j)=0 because it's an element of the j t h j_{th} column of A'.

Now we save a ( k + 1 , j ) a(k+1,j) , a ( k + 1 , h ) a(k+1,h) , a ( l , h ) a(l,h) and a ( l , j ) a(l,j) , and delete the other elements of A A by deleting all the lines except the ( k + 1 ) t h (k+1)^{th} line

and the l t h l^{th} line and deleting all the columns except the j t h j^{th} line and the h t h h^{th} line .So we get or as desired.

\blacksquare

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