Let be a of size with property : 0 and 1 both appear at least once at each line and each column of .
Is William always able to delete lines and columns of to get a of size 2×2 with property ?
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The answer is YES.
Suppose A is a ( 0 , 1 ) − m a t r i x of size m × n ( m , n ≥ 3 ) with property Φ . I'll show that A can be reduced to ( 0 1 1 0 ) ① or ( 1 0 0 1 ) ② by induction.
(1) Any 2 × n ( n ≥ 3 ) matrix B with property Φ can be reduces to ① or ② .
WLOG the first column of B is ( 1 0 ) ,by Φ there exists another column of B which is ( 0 1 ) (Otherwise the first line has no 0,which is a contradiction). Save the two columns and delete other elements in B to get matrix ② .
(2) Do induction on m . Case m = 2 has been done. Assume the conclusion when m=k is true.
For m=k+1,we first delete the ( k + 1 ) t h line of A to get a k × n matrix A ′ .
( i ) If A ′ has the property Φ ,then delete the ( k + 1 ) t h line of A and apply the inductive assumption to get ① or ② .
( ii ) If A' doesn't have the property Φ ,then there exists j such that the j t h column of A' consists only of 0 or consists
only of 1. WLOG the former case. Use a ( x , y ) to represent the element at the x t h line and y t h column of A.
Then a ( k + 1 , j ) = 1 . Since A has property Φ , there exists h ( h = j ) such that a ( k + 1 , h ) = 0 , and there exists l ( l = k + 1 )
such that a ( l , h ) = 1 . We're happy to see that a ( l , j ) = 0 because it's an element of the j t h column of A'.
Now we save a ( k + 1 , j ) , a ( k + 1 , h ) , a ( l , h ) and a ( l , j ) , and delete the other elements of A by deleting all the lines except the ( k + 1 ) t h line
and the l t h line and deleting all the columns except the j t h line and the h t h line .So we get ① or ② as desired.
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