The oranges are arranged so that there is 1 top orange; the second top layer has 2 more oranges than the top; the third has 3 more oranges than the second, and so on. Forming a tetrahedron of oranges, this "tetrahedral" number of oranges runs as a series as shown above.
What is the value of the term of this series?
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When we separate this sequence by parts or layers of the oranges, we will see a pattern as shown:
a 1 = 1
a 2 = 1 + 3 = 1 + (1 + 2)
a 3 = 1 + 3 + 6 = 1 + (1 + 2) + (1 + 2 + 3)
...
a n = 1 + (1 + 2) + (1 + 2 + 3) + ... + (1 + 2 + 3 + ... + n)
So we can see that this series is, in fact, a sum of sums of all natural numbers under n.
That is, a n = ∑ ( ∑ n ) = ∑ ( 2 n ( n + 1 ) ) as we know that the sum of 1 to n equals to 2 n ( n + 1 ) from the formula.
Now a n = ∑ ( 2 n ( n + 1 ) ) = 2 1 [ ∑ n 2 + ∑ n ]
From the formulas, ∑ n 2 = 6 n ( n + 1 ) ( 2 n + 1 ) and again ∑ n = 2 n ( n + 1 ) , we will get:
a n = 2 1 [ ∑ n 2 + ∑ n ] = 2 1 [ 6 n ( n + 1 ) ( 2 n + 1 ) + 2 n ( n + 1 ) ]
= 2 1 [ 6 n ( n + 1 ) ( 2 n + 1 + 3 ) ] = 2 1 [ 6 n ( n + 1 ) ( 2 n + 4 ) ] = 6 n ( n + 1 ) ( n + 2 )
Therefore, a 1 0 0 = 6 1 0 0 ( 1 0 0 + 1 ) ( 1 0 0 + 2 ) ) = 1 7 1 , 7 0 0 .
As a result, there will be 1 7 1 , 7 0 0 oranges when 100 layers of oranges are made.