Can you draw its graph-7?

Calculus Level 2

6 ln ( x 2 + 1 ) x = 0 6 \ln (x^2 + 1) - x = 0

How many real solutions exist for the equation above?

3 More than 3. 1 2 0

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3 solutions

I know solving this problem by graphing is easy, but I'm posting a calculus-based approach anyway.

Let f ( x ) = 6 ln ( x 2 + 1 ) x f(x)=6 \ln {(x^2+1)}-x . I don't know what the author means by using the notation log \log , so I just assume it's natural logarithm.

Then f ( x ) = 12 x x 2 + 1 1 f'(x) = \dfrac{{12x}}{{{x^2} + 1}} - 1

f ( x ) = 0 12 x = x 2 + 1 x = 6 ± 35 f'(x) = 0 \Leftrightarrow 12x = {x^2} + 1 \Leftrightarrow x = 6 \pm \sqrt {35} .

It is obvious that f ( x ) < 0 , x ( , 6 35 ) f'(x) < 0, \forall x \in (-\infty,6-\sqrt{35}) so f ( x ) f(x) is strictly decreasing in this interval.

In the same way, it can be concluded that f ( x ) f(x) is strictly increasing in ( 6 35 , 6 + 35 ) (6-\sqrt{35},6+\sqrt{35}) , and strictly decreasing again in ( 6 + 35 , + ) (6+\sqrt{35},+\infty) .

Notice that, if f ( x ) f(x) is continuous in the closed interval [ a , b ] [a,b] and f ( a ) f ( b ) < 0 f(a)f(b) < 0 , then there exists some x 0 x_0 in this interval which is a root of f ( x ) f(x) . Moreover, if f ( x ) f(x) is strictly monotonous in this interval, then x 0 x_0 is the only root of f ( x ) f(x) in [ a , b ] [a,b]

f ( 1 ) > 0 f(-1) > 0 and f ( 6 35 ) < 0 f(6-\sqrt {35}) < 0 , then f ( x ) f(x) must cross the x-axis exactly once in the interval ( 1 , 6 35 ) (-1,6-\sqrt{35}) , hence there is one root in this interval (Yes, it's x = 0 x = 0 !).

Apply the same logic for the two remaining intervals, we can prove that the equation has 3 \boxed {3} roots.

Chew-Seong Cheong
Mar 31, 2015

From the graph above, we can tell that there are 3 \boxed{3} real solutions. They are x = { 0 0.17 45.9 x = \begin{cases} 0 \\ 0.17 \\ 45.9 \end{cases}

The original question was ln (natural log), not log (common logarithm).

Rajesh Kumar - 6 years, 2 months ago

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Sorry, for the mistake. I have redone the graph.,

Chew-Seong Cheong - 6 years, 2 months ago
Shashank Rustagi
Jun 18, 2015

Moderator note:

You have only shown a portion of a graph. How do you know the lines don't intersect outside of this range?

Graph is wrong

Kritin Agarwal - 2 years, 11 months ago

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