Can you find a shorter way to do this?

Calculus Level 3

Let f ( x ) = sin x f(x) = \sin x on the interval [ 0 , π 2 ] \left[ 0, \dfrac{\pi}{2} \right] . If the volume of revolution about the y y -axis, V V , can be represented in the form a b π 3 + c π \dfrac{a}{b} \pi^3 + c \pi , where a a and b b are coprime, find a + b + c a + b + c .

No Wolfram Alpha for the integral! It has a closed form and is a good exercise for integration.


The answer is 3.

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2 solutions

Let f ( x ) = sin x = y f(x) = \sin x = y . Then

V = 0 1 π x 2 d y Since y = sin x d y = cos x d x = π 0 π 2 x 2 cos x d x By integration by parts = π [ x 2 sin x 2 x sin x d x ] 0 π 2 = π [ π 2 4 + 2 x cos x 2 cos x d x ] 0 π 2 = π [ π 2 4 2 sin x ] 0 π 2 = 1 4 π 3 2 π \begin{aligned} V & = \int_0^1 \pi x^2 \ dy & \small \color{#3D99F6} \text{Since } y = \sin x \implies dy = \cos x \ dx \\ & = \pi \int_0^\frac \pi 2 x^2 \cos x\ dx & \small \color{#3D99F6} \text{By integration by parts} \\ & = \pi \left[x^2 \sin x - \int 2x \sin x \ dx \right]_0^\frac \pi 2 \\ & = \pi \left[\frac {\pi^2}4 + 2x \cos x - 2 \int \cos x \ dx \right]_0^\frac \pi 2 \\ & = \pi \left[\frac {\pi^2}4 - 2 \sin x \right]_0^\frac \pi 2 \\ & = \frac 14 \pi^3 - 2\pi \end{aligned}

Therefore, a + b + c = 1 + 4 2 = 3 a+b+c = 1+4-2 = \boxed 3 .

The volume V is the integral of π(x^2)dy within the limits 0 to 1, which is the same as the integral of π(x^2)cos(x)dx within the limits 0 to π/2. Integrating by parts, we get the indefinite integral as (x^2)sin(x)+2xcos(x)-2sin(x)+C. The value of the definite integral is (π/2)^2 -2. Hence the volume is ((π^3)/4)-2π, so that a=1, b=4, c=-2, making a+b+c=3

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