Can you prove the answer?

Calculus Level 3

True or False?

If a 1 = 1 \displaystyle a_1 = 1 and a n = 1 1 b 1 + a n 1 \displaystyle a_n = 1 - \dfrac{1}{b - 1 + a_{n-1}} , then n = 1 a n \displaystyle \sum_{n = 1}^{\infty} a_n is divergent for every integer b b .

False True

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1 solution

Mark Hennings
May 11, 2018

Note that ( a n 1 ) ( b 1 + a n 1 ) + 1 = 0 (a_n - 1)(b - 1 + a_{n-1}) + 1 \; = \; 0 If n a n \sum_n a_n converges, then lim n a n = 0 \lim_{n\to\infty}a_n = 0 . The above identity then shows that ( b 1 ) + 1 = 0 -(b-1) + 1 \; = \; 0 and hence b = 2 b=2 . But then 0 = ( a n 1 ) ( a n 1 + 1 ) + 1 = a n a n 1 a n 1 + a n 0 \; = \; (a_n-1)(a_{n-1}+1)+1 \; = \; a_na_{n-1} - a_{n-1} + a_n and hence a n 1 = a n 1 1 + 1 a_n^{-1} \; = \; a_{n-1}^{-1} + 1 so that a n 1 = n a_n^{-1} = n , and so a n = n 1 a_n = n^{-1} . But then n a n \sum_n a_n diverges.

Thus there is no value of b b (integer or otherwise) for which n a n \sum_n a_n converges. It is worth noting that there are some values of b b for which the sequence is not defined. When b = 1 b=1 , for example, we have a 2 = 0 a_2=0 , and so a 3 a_3 does not exist.

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