Can you simply substitute?

Algebra Level 3

If x 2 + x + 1 = 0 x^2+x+1=0 , find the value of x 1999 + x 2000 x^{1999}+x^{2000} .

-1 x+1 0 -x-1

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3 solutions

x 2 + x + 1 = 0 x^{2}+x+1=0 = > x 3 = 1 =>x^{3}=1 = > x 1999 + x 2000 = x 1998 ( x 2 + x + 1 1 ) = ( x 3 ) 666 ( 1 ) = 1 =>x^{1999}+x^{2000} = x^{1998}(x^{2}+x+1-1)=(x^{3})^{666}(-1)=-1

Maggie Miller
Aug 3, 2015

From the quadratic equation, x = 1 ± 3 2 x=\frac{-1\pm\sqrt{-3}}{2} , i.e. x = e 2 π i / 3 x=e^{2\pi i/3} or x = e 4 π i / 3 x=e^{4\pi i/3} .

Then

x 2 + x = 1 x^2+x=-1

x 2000 + x 1999 = x 1998 = e 3996 i / 3 = e 2 π i 666 = 1 x^{2000}+x^{1999}=-x^{1998}=-e^{3996i/3}=-e^{2\pi i\cdot 666}=\boxed{-1} .

Naitik Sanghavi
Aug 4, 2015

There's a much simpler solution... We have, x²+x+1=0 x+1=-x²........(1) Also, x(x+1)=-1 x+1=-1/x.....(2) So from (1) and (2) we have, -x²=-1/x x³=1

Now as asked in the question , x^1999(1+x)=x^1999×-1/x............(From eq.(2)) So, -1×x^1998 x^1998=(x^3×3×3×2×37) Now substituting value of x³=1 We get, -1×1=-1 Thus -1 is the answer...

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