Can you solve the angles

Geometry Level 3

The diagram below shows a series of 2019 squares with side lengths of 1 where:

  1. 2019 lines are drawn from B B to A 2 A_2 , A 3 A_3 , A 4 A_4 ......, A 2020 A_{2020} .
  2. On line A 2 A 3 \overline{A_2A_3} , there are 2016 points labeled C n C_n , from C 1 C_1 to C 2016 C_{2016} , where A 3 C n \overline{A_3C_n} = n n + 2 \frac{n}{n + 2} , and 2016 lines are drawn from B B to C 1 C_1 , C 2 C_2 , C 3 C_3 , ... , C 2016 C_{2016} .

(Diagram not drawn to scale)

Evaluate the following in degrees.

n = 1 2019 B A n + 1 A n \sum_{n=1}^{2019} \angle BA_{n+1}A_n + n = 1 2016 B C n A 2 \sum_{n=1}^{2016} \angle BC_{n}A_2


The answer is 90810.

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1 solution

Valentino Wu
Jun 15, 2019

First let's solve B A 2 A 1 + B A 3 A 2 + B A 4 A 3 \angle BA_2A_1 + \angle BA_3A_2 + \angle BA_4A_3 .

We know B A 2 A 1 = 4 5 \angle BA_2A_1 = 45^\circ , since B A 1 A 2 = 9 0 \angle BA_1A_2 = 90^\circ and A 1 B = A 1 A 2 = 1 \overline{A_1B} = \overline{A_1A_2} = 1 .

In B A 2 A 3 \triangle BA_2A_3 and B A 4 A 2 : \triangle BA_4A_2 :

B A 2 = 2 \overline{BA_2} = \sqrt{2} , A 2 A 4 = 2 \overline{A_2A_4} = 2

\because A 2 A 3 B A 2 = B A 2 A 2 A 4 = 1 2 \frac{\overline{A_2A_3}}{\overline{BA_2}} = \frac{\overline{BA_2}}{\overline{A_2A_4}} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}

B A 2 A 3 = A 4 A 2 B \angle BA_2A_3 = \angle A_4A_2B

\therefore B A 2 A 3 \triangle BA_2A_3 \sim A 4 B A 2 \triangle A_4BA_2 ( S A S SAS )

\therefore B A 4 A 3 = A 3 B A 2 \angle BA_4A_3 = \angle A_3BA_2

\therefore B A 3 A 2 + B A 4 A 3 = B A 3 A 2 + A 3 B A 2 = B A 1 A 2 = 4 5 \angle BA_3A_2 + \angle BA_4A_3 = \angle BA_3A_2 + \angle A_3BA_2 = \angle BA_1A_2 = 45^\circ

What pattern are we trying to prove?

You'll find that B A 2 C n A n + 4 A 2 B \triangle BA_2C_n \sim \triangle A_{n+4}A_2B and here's why:

In B A 2 C n \triangle BA_2C_n and B A 2 A n + 4 : \triangle BA_2A_{n+4} :

A 2 C n = A 2 A 3 A 3 C n = 1 n n + 2 = 2 n + 2 \overline{A_2C_n} = \overline{A_2A_3} - \overline{A_3C_n} = 1 - \frac{n}{n+2} = \frac{2}{n+2}

A 2 A n + 4 = n + 4 2 = n + 2 \overline{A_2A_{n+4}} = n + 4 - 2 = n + 2

\because A 2 C n A 2 A n + 4 = 2 n + 2 ( n + 2 ) = 2 = 2 2 = B A 2 2 \overline{A_2C_n} \cdot \overline{A_2A_{n+4}} = \frac{2}{n+2} \cdot (n+2) = 2 = \sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{2} = \overline{BA_2}^2

B A 2 C n = A n + 4 A 2 B \angle BA_2C_n = \angle A_{n+4}A_2B

\therefore A 2 C n B A 2 = B A 2 A 2 A n + 4 \frac{\overline{A_2C_n}}{\overline{BA_2}} = \frac{\overline{BA_2}}{\overline{A_2A_n+4}}

\therefore B A 2 C n A n + 4 A 2 B \triangle BA_2C_n \sim \triangle A_{n+4}A_2B

\therefore B A n + 4 A 2 = C n B A 2 \angle BA_{n+4}A_2 = \angle C_nBA_2

\therefore B C n A 2 + B A n + 4 A 2 = B C n A 2 + C n B A 2 = B A 2 A 1 = 4 5 \angle BC_nA_2 + \angle BA_{n+4}A_2 = \angle BC_nA_2 + C_nBA_2 = \angle BA_2A_1 = 45^\circ

You'll notice that this actually is what the question is constructed of:

We have already proven that B A 2 A 1 + B A 3 A 2 + B A 4 A 3 = 9 0 \angle BA_2A_1 + \angle BA_3A_2 + \angle BA_4A_3 = 90^\circ

We also have the formula B C n A 2 + B A n + 4 A 2 = 4 5 \angle BC_nA_2 + \angle BA_{n+4}A_2 = 45^\circ

The rest can be rearranged to get ( B C 1 A 2 + B A 5 A 2 ) + . . . . . . + ( B C 2016 A 2 + B A 2020 A 2 ) = ( 45 × 2016 ) = 9072 0 (\angle BC_1A_2 + \angle BA_5A_2) + ...... + (\angle BC_{2016}A_2 + \angle BA_{2020}A_2) = (45 \times 2016)^\circ = 90720^\circ .

Then adding the previous 9 0 90^\circ we get to our final answer:

9072 0 + 9 0 = 9081 0 90720^\circ + 90^\circ = \boxed{90810^\circ}

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