Candy Delight!

Probability Level pending

20 20 identical candies are to be distributed among 20 20 children.

The probability that exactly 2 2 children get no candies is of the form A B \dfrac{A}{B} , where A A and B B are co-prime positive integers.

Find the digit sum of A + B A+B .

Assumptions \textbf{Assumptions}

  • Any number of candies from those available can be given to any child.

  • Eg : Digit sum of 55 55 is 10 10 .


The answer is 36.

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1 solution

Two of the children can be chosen in ( 20 2 ) \binom{20}{2} ways. For each of these combinations, the 20 20 candies can be distributed among the remaining 18 18 children, (such that each of these children receives at least one candy), in ( 19 17 ) \binom{19}{17} ways.

(This last calculation is a 'stars and bars' problem, an explanation of which is given here .)

Without any restrictions, the number of ways of distributing the candies is ( 39 20 ) \binom{39}{20} , again determined using the 'stars and bars' method. Thus the probability that exactly 2 2 children receive no candies is

( 20 2 ) ( 19 17 ) ( 39 20 ) = 361 765814049 \dfrac{\dbinom{20}{2} * \dbinom{19}{17}}{\dbinom{39}{20}} = \dfrac{361}{765814049} .

Finally, the digit sum of 361 + 765814049 = 765814410 361 + 765814049 = 765814410 is 36 \boxed{36} .

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