Cannon

There is a cannon firing from the top of a hill that forms an angle of 30 {30}^\circ with a horizontal plane. At the moment of firing, the barrel of the cannon forms a certain elevation with the horizontal plane and it is aimed in such a way that the projectile lands on the bottom part of the hill 6 km from the cannon. Determine the minimum speed of the projectile at the moment it was fired from the barrel and the value of the elevation of the barrel. Neglect all resistive forces.

Details and assumptions:

  • g = 10 g = 10 m/s 2 \text{m/s}^2
  • 6 km is the hypotenuse, not the horizontal distance.

Note: Choose the closest correct option.

112 112 ms 1 \text{ms}^{-1} 188 188 ms 1 \text{ms}^{-1} 164 164 ms 1 \text{ms}^{-1} 204 204 ms 1 \text{ms}^{-1} 121 121 ms 1 \text{ms}^{-1} 156 156 ms 1 \text{ms}^{-1} 173 173 ms 1 \text{ms}^{-1} 91 91 ms 1 \text{ms}^{-1}

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1 solution

Mark Hennings
Oct 14, 2017

The trajectory of the projectile from the point of firing is y = x tan θ g x 2 2 V 2 cos 2 θ y \; = \; x\tan\theta - \frac{gx^2}{2V^2\cos^2\theta} where V V is the muzzle velocity and θ \theta the angle of elevation. Since the projectile must pass through the point ( 1 2 D 3 , 1 2 D ) (\tfrac12D\sqrt{3},-\tfrac12D) , we can show that V 2 = 3 g D sec 2 θ 4 ( 1 + 3 tan θ ) V^2 \; = \; \frac{3gD \sec^2\theta}{4(1+\sqrt{3}\tan\theta)} and since d d θ V 2 = 3 g D sec 2 θ 4 ( 1 + 3 tan θ ) 2 ( 3 tan θ 1 ) ( tan θ + 3 ) \frac{d}{d\theta}V^2 \; = \; \frac{3gD\sec^2\theta}{4(1+\sqrt{3}\tan\theta)^2}(\sqrt{3}\tan\theta - 1)(\tan\theta+\sqrt{3}) the turning point of V 2 V^2 (which is in fact the minimum) occurs when tan θ = 1 3 \tan\theta = \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}} . Substituting in, the minimum value of V V is 1 2 g D \sqrt{\tfrac12gD} .

With g = 10 g=10 and D = 6000 D=6000 , we obtain V min = 173.205.. V_\text{min} = \boxed{173.205..} .

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