Car accident

Two identical cars A A and B B with the same mass travel with the same speed v v along the same line with opposite direction. When they collide they stop abruptly and all their kinetic energy is converted into work which damages the cars.

If a third car C C , identical to the previous two with also the same mass, crashes against an immovable and indestructible wall and reports the same damage of each of the previous cars taken individually what was the speed of C C ?

v v v 2 \frac{v}{2} 2 v 2v 4 v 4v

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1 solution

Let's consider the kinetic energy of the cars and the work wich dameges all of them. K A = 1 2 m A v A 2 ; K B = 1 2 m B v B 2 ; K C = 1 2 m C v C 2 ; with v A = v B = v , m A = m B = m C = m . K_A=\frac{1}{2}m_Av_A^2; \quad K_B=\frac{1}{2}m_Bv_B^2; \quad K_C=\frac{1}{2}m_Cv_C^2; \quad \text {with}\,\, v_A=v_B=v, \quad m_A=m_B=m_C=m. The text of the problem says that we can write K A + K B = m v 2 = W A B = W A + W B ; W C = K C = 1 2 m v C 2 = W A = W B = W A B 2 K_A+K_B=mv^2=W_{AB}=W_A+W_B; \,\,\,\,\,\,\, W_C=K_C=\frac{1}{2}mv_C^2=W_A=W_B=\frac{W_{AB}}{2} where W A B W_{AB} is the total energy in the first scenario transformed into work equally reparted between A A and B B so that W A = W B = ( 1 / 2 ) W A B W_A=W_B=(1/2)W_{AB} while the work W C W_C is equal to both W A W_A and W B W_B because the car C C reports the same damage as A A and B B taken separately. Now, considering v v and v C v_C being positive since they are the moduli of two vectors, we conclude that 1 2 m v 2 = 1 2 m v C 2 v 2 = v C 2 \frac{1}{2}mv^2=\frac{1}{2}mv_C^2 \Leftrightarrow v^2=v_C^2 so, by taking the positive solution, we have v C = v v_C=v .

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