"Cardioidic" Apple

Calculus Level 3

A green apple viewed from the side is modeled by the polar equation of a cardioid:

r ( θ ) = 1 sin ( θ ) r(\theta) = 1-\sin(\theta)

What is the volume of this apple?


The answer is 8.3775804095727819.

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1 solution

Denis Kartachov
Jun 29, 2018

Key is to revolve this cardioid about the y-axis, its volume will be:

V = 2 π x d x d y V = \iint 2 \pi x dx dy

Only the right half of the cardioid can be revolved to obtain the full volume, so π / 2 < θ < π / 2 - \pi/2 < \theta < \pi/2

V = 2 π π / 2 π / 2 0 1 sin θ r cos θ r d r d θ = 2 π 3 π / 2 π / 2 cos θ ( 1 sin θ ) 3 d θ = 2 π 3 [ 1 4 ( 1 sin θ ) 4 ] π / 2 π / 2 = π 6 [ ( 1 sin ( π / 2 ) ) 4 ( 1 sin ( π / 2 ) ) 4 ] = π 6 [ 0 ( 1 ( 1 ) ) 4 ] = π 6 [ 0 16 ] = 8 π 3 8.38 \begin{array}{l} V = 2 \pi \int_{- \pi/2}^{\pi/2} \int_{0}^{1-\sin\theta} r \cos\theta r dr d\theta \\ = \frac{2 \pi}{3} \int_{- \pi/2}^{\pi/2} \cos\theta (1-\sin\theta)^3 d\theta \\ = -\frac{2 \pi}{3}\Bigg[\frac{1}{4} \big( 1 - \sin\theta \big)^4 \Bigg]_{- \pi/2}^{\pi/2} \\ = - \frac{\pi}{6} \Bigg[ (1-\sin(\pi/2))^4 - (1-\sin(- \pi/2))^4 \Bigg] \\ =-\frac{\pi}{6} \Bigg[ 0 - (1-(-1))^4 \Bigg] \\ = - \frac{\pi}{6} \Bigg[ 0 - 16 \Bigg] \\ = \frac{8 \pi}{3} \approx \boxed{8.38} \\ \end{array}

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