Center of gravity

A 3 × 3 × 3 3\times 3\times 3 cube resting on the ground has a 2 × 2 × 2 2\times 2\times 2 cube cut out of its center leaving each side of the cube with thickness . 5 .5 (except for the corners). It's hollow center is then filled with water so that the center of mass of the cube is as close to the ground as possible.

If the shortest distance from the ground to the center of mass of the water filled cube is M M where M M is in meters, find 100 M \lfloor 100M \rfloor .

Important details:

The hollow part of the cube that is not filled with water is filled with helium gas. (Hint: you don't need to account for the helium gas, it changes the height of the center of mass by less than 0.0006 m)

All measurements are given in meters.

Density of the cube is 500 K g m 3 500~\frac{Kg}{m^3}

Density of water is 1000 K g m 3 1000 ~ \frac{Kg}{m^3}

You may use Wolfram Alpha


The answer is 134.

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2 solutions

Trevor Arashiro
Feb 21, 2016

Let x \overrightarrow{x} be the vector from the ground to the center of mass of the water.

Let y \overrightarrow{y} be the vector from the ground to the center of mass of the empty cube.

It is obvious that y \overrightarrow{y} has magnitude 1.5 1.5 .

If h \overrightarrow{h} is the vector from the ground to the center of mass of the cube with the water in it, then h = a y + b x a + b \overrightarrow{h}=\dfrac{a|\overrightarrow{y}|+b|\overrightarrow{x}|}{a+b} where a and b are the masses of the empty cube and water respectively.

The mass of the empty block is a = ρ b l o c k ( 3 3 2 3 ) = 9500 a=\rho_{block} (3^3-2^3)=9500

The mass of the water is b = ρ w a t e r ( 2 2 ) ( x . 5 ) ( 2 ) = 8000 ( x . 5 ) b=\rho_{water} (2^2)(|\overrightarrow{x}|-.5)(2)=8000(|\overrightarrow{x}|-.5)

Plugging in for a and b

h = 9500 × 1.5 + 8000 ( x . 5 ) x 9500 + 8000 ( x . 5 ) |\overrightarrow{h}|=\dfrac{9500\times1.5+8000(|\overrightarrow{x}|-.5)|\overrightarrow{x}|}{9500+8000(|\overrightarrow{x}|-.5)}

Using Wolfram, we get our maximum value as M = h = 1.348 100 M = 134 M=|\overrightarrow{h}|=1.348\longrightarrow \lfloor 100M \rfloor=\boxed{134}

Let k=1000. So mass of the cube = k / 2 ( 3 3 2 3 ) = 19 k 2 . I t s d i s t a n c e f r o m g r o u n d = 3 2 m . Let water be filled up to x m from the ground M a s s o f w a t e r = k ( 2 2 x 2 2 1 2 . ) = 4 x k 2 k . I t s c g = x 1 2 2 + 1 2 = 2 x + 1 4 m f r o m g r o u n d . Taking moments about the ground c . g . = f ( x ) = 3 2 19 k 2 + 2 x + 1 4 ( 4 x k 2 k ) 19 k 2 + ( 4 x k 2 k ) = 57 k 4 + ( 2 x + 1 ) ( 2 x 1 ) k 2 ( 19 2 + 4 x 2 ) k = 55 + 8 x 2 30 + 16 x . f ( x ) = 16 x ( 16 x + 30 ) ( 8 x 2 + 55 ) 16 C a n b e a n y t h i n g ! i t i s = ( 16 x + 30 ) 2 = 0. 8 x 2 + 30 x 55 = 0 , s o l v i n g f o r p o s i t i v e v a l u e x = M = 1.34 100 M = 134. \text{Let k=1000. So mass of the cube = } k/2 * (3^3-2^3)=\dfrac {19k} 2.\\ Its ~distance ~ from ~ ground =\dfrac 3 2 ~m.\\ \text{Let water be filled up to x m from the ground}\\ Mass ~ of ~ water ~= k*(2*2*x - 2*2*\dfrac 1 2.)=4xk-2k.\\ Its ~ cg = \dfrac{x - \frac 1 2} 2 + \dfrac 1 2 = \dfrac{2x+1} 4 ~ m ~ from ~ ground.\\ \text{Taking moments about the ground }\\ c.g.= f(x)= \dfrac{\frac 3 2*\dfrac {19k}2 + \dfrac{2x+1} 4 *( 4xk-2k) } { \dfrac {19k}2 + ( 4xk-2k) }\\ = \dfrac{\dfrac {57k}4 + \dfrac{(2x+1)*(2x-1)k} 2} { ( \dfrac {19}2 +4x - 2)k } = \dfrac{55+8x^2}{30+16x}.\\ f ' (x)=\dfrac{16x(16x+30) - (8x^2+55)*16} {Can ~ be ~ any ~ thing !~ it ~is=(16x+30)^2} = 0. \\ \implies ~~ 8x^2+30x - 55=0 , ~solving ~for~ positive ~value ~ x= M=1.34 ~~\therefore ~100M=134.

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