Chameleons of three colors

On the island of Camelot live 13 gray, 15 brown and 17 crimson chameleons. If two chameleons of different colors meet, they both simultaneously change color to the third color (e.g. if a gray and a brown chameleon meet each other, they both change to crimson).

(a) Is it possible that they will eventually all be the same color?
(b) Is it possible that there will eventually be the same numbers of gray, brown, and crimson chameleons?

(1984 Tournament of Towns, Problem 1)

Both (a) and (b) (b) but not (a) Neither (a) nor (b) (a) but not (b)

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3 solutions

Patrick Corn
Jan 15, 2016

Let n g , n b , n c n_g, n_b, n_c be the numbers of gray, brown, and crimson chameleons respectively. Then { n g , n b , n c } \{ n_g, n_b, n_c \} mod 3 3 is { 0 , 1 , 2 } \{0,1,2\} . The process of chameleon-meeting changes n g , n b , n c n_g, n_b, n_c mod 3 3 to n g 1 , n b 1 , n c 1 n_g-1,n_b-1,n_c-1 . So the set { n g , n b , n c } \{ n_g,n_b,n_c \} mod 3 3 stays { 0 , 1 , 2 } \{ 0,1,2 \} .

In other words, the numbers of chameleons of different colors are always distinct mod 3 3 . So there is no way they can all be the same ( 15 , 15 , 15 15,15,15 ), or all be congruent to 0 0 ( 0 , 0 , 45 0,0,45 ).

Anubhav Tyagi
Feb 12, 2016

Nice one ... Should be level 4

Afkar Aulia
Feb 9, 2016

Write 49 in all grey chameleons, 111 in all brown chameleons, and 50 in all crimson chameleons. Note that color change doesn't alter the total sum in modulo 3, 5, and 7. The total sum congruents 2 mod 3, 2 mod 5, and 2 mod 7. Meanwhile, the expected end result is a. Make total sum divisible by 3, 5, or 7 (as 49 is divisible by 7, 111 is divisible by 3, and 50 is divisible by 5) b. Make total sum equals 15 (49+111+50), which is divisible by all 3, 5, and 7 It's clear that such endpoints are impossible

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