Changing factorization (2)

The polynomials x 2 + a x + b x^2+ax+b and x 2 + a x b x^2+ax-b can be factorized where a , b Z + a,b\in\mathbb{Z^+} and gcd ( a , b ) = 1 \gcd(a,b)=1

Find the minimum b b such that a a has two solutions


The answer is 210.

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1 solution

If the roots of a quadratic equation are both integers, the discriminant is a perfect square. So let a 2 + 4 b = m 2 a^2+4b=m^2 and a 2 4 b = n 2 a^2-4b=n^2 . Then, ( a 2 + 4 b ) + ( a 2 4 b ) = m 2 + n 2 m 2 + n 2 = 2 a 2 (a^2+4b)+(a^2-4b)=m^2+n^2\\m^2+n^2=2a^2 As m m and n n have same parity, let m = u + v m=u+v and n = u v n=|u-v| . Then, ( u + v ) 2 + ( u v ) 2 = 2 a 2 u 2 + 2 u v + v 2 + u 2 2 u v + v 2 = 2 a 2 2 u 2 + 2 v 2 = 2 a 2 u 2 + v 2 = a 2 (u+v)^2+(|u-v|)^2=2a^2\\u^2+2uv+v^2+u^2-2uv+v^2=2a^2\\2u^2+2v^2=2a^2\\u^2+v^2=a^2 So u , v , a u,v,a is a Pythagorean triple. Let u = k ( r 2 s 2 ) , v = 2 k r s , a = k ( r 2 + s 2 ) u=k(r^2-s^2),v=2krs,a=k(r^2+s^2) ( k , r , s k,r,s are positive integers, r > s r>s , gcd ( r , s ) = 1 \gcd(r,s)=1 and 2 r + s 2\nmid r+s ).

As m 2 n 2 = ( a 2 + 4 b ) ( a 2 4 b ) = 8 b m^2-n^2=(a^2+4b)-(a^2-4b)=8b , b = m 2 n 2 8 = ( u + v ) 2 ( u v ) 2 8 = ( u 2 + 2 u v + v 2 ) ( u 2 2 u v + v 2 ) 8 = 4 u v 8 = u v 2 = 2 k 2 r s ( r 2 s 2 ) 2 = k 2 r s ( r 2 s 2 ) b=\dfrac{m^2-n^2}{8}=\dfrac{(u+v)^2-(u-v)^2}{8}=\dfrac{(u^2+2uv+v^2)-(u^2-2uv+v^2)}{8}=\dfrac{4uv}{8}=\dfrac{uv}{2}=\dfrac{2k^2rs(r^2-s^2)}{2}=k^2rs(r^2-s^2) As gcd ( a , b ) = gcd ( k ( r 2 + s 2 ) , k 2 r s ( r 2 s 2 ) ) = 1 \gcd(a,b)=\gcd(k(r^2+s^2),k^2rs(r^2-s^2))=1 , k = 1 k=1 .

After trying (trying from r + s = 3 , 5 , 7 , r+s=3,5,7,\cdots ), we find that when ( r , s ) = ( 5 , 2 ) (r,s)=(5,2) or ( 6 , 1 ) (6,1) , b = 210 b=210 , which is the minimum requirement.

Just because the two polynomials have to be factorizable doesn't mean that their roots have to be integers. For examples x^2 -2 = (x-sqrt(2))(x+sqrt(2)). I feel like I'm misreading the problem.

Razzi Masroor - 1 year, 4 months ago

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