Cheating relativistically

You are handed an exam at 4 pm. You immediately run away at speed 3 5 c \frac{3}{5} c . After 3 hours by your clock, you receive a radio transmissions telling you that the exam has ended. Had you stuck around, how many hours would have been given to you to complete the exam?


The answer is 1.5.

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1 solution

Jack Ceroni
Dec 17, 2020

Assume that the radio transmission (which travels at the speed of light), is sent at time t 0 t_0 in the frame in which the exam is taking place. From the point of view of this frame, the time t t at which the signal is received (after the exam begins), satisfies this equation:

c ( t t 0 ) = v t t 0 = t ( c v ) c c(t - t_0) = vt \ \Rightarrow \ t_0 = \frac{t (c - v)}{c}

The person moving away from the exam is recording proper time τ \tau . We then know that:

t = τ 1 v 2 c 2 t = \frac{\tau}{\sqrt{1 - \frac{v^2}{c^2}}}

We can then substitute this into the first equation to find t 0 t_0 :

t 0 = τ ( c v ) c 1 v 2 c 2 = 1 v c 1 + v c τ = 2 / 5 8 / 5 ( 3 hr ) = 1.5 hr t_0 = \frac{\tau (c - v)}{c \sqrt{1 - \frac{v^2}{c^2}}} = \sqrt{\frac{1 - \frac{v}{c}}{1 + \frac{v}{c}}} \tau = \sqrt{\frac{2/5}{8/5}} (3 \ \text{hr}) = \boxed{1.5 \ \text{hr}}

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