A circle is inscribed in three intersecting lines
( 3 cos ( θ ) − 4 sin ( θ ) ) y − ( 4 cos ( θ ) + 3 sin ( θ ) ) x = 0
( 4 cos ( θ ) − 3 sin ( θ ) ) x + ( 3 cos ( θ ) + 4 sin ( θ ) ) y = 2 4
y cos ( θ ) − x sin ( θ ) = 0 .
If the area of the circle A c = β α π , where α and β are coprime positive integers, find α + β .
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( 1 ) : ( 3 cos ( θ ) − 4 sin ( θ ) ) y − ( 4 cos ( θ ) + 3 sin ( θ ) ) x = 0
( 2 ) : ( 4 cos ( θ ) − 3 sin ( θ ) ) x + ( 3 cos ( θ ) + 4 sin ( θ ) ) y = 2 4
( 3 ) : ( y cos ( θ ) − x sin ( θ ) = 0
This is a fairly basic problem in which I present two methods. The first method I use a rotation thru an angle θ . The second method I just solved the equations in pairs to find the points of intersection.
Method 1:
Using the rotation equations
x = x ′ cos ( θ ) − y ′ sin ( θ )
y = y ′ sin ( θ ) + y ′ cos ( θ )
and replacing the equations above into ( 1 ) , ( 2 ) and ( 3 ) we obtain:
( 1 ′ ) : y ′ = 3 4 x ′
( 2 ′ ) : y ′ = − 3 4 ( x ′ − 6 )
( 3 ′ ) : y ′ = 0
Solving 1 ′ and 2 ′ ⟹ x ′ = y ′ = 0 ⟹ A : ( 0 , 0 )
Solving 2 ′ and 3 ′ ⟹ y ′ = 0 and x ′ = 6 ⟹ C : ( 6 , 0 )
Solving 1 ′ and 2 ′ ⟹ x ′ = 3 and y ′ = 4 ⟹ B : ( 3 , 4 )
⟹ A B = B C = 5 and A C = 6
A △ A B C = 2 1 ( 6 ) ( 4 ) = 1 2 = 2 1 r ( 1 6 ) = 8 r ⟹ r = 2 3 ⟹ A c = 4 9 π = β α π
⟹ α + β = 1 3
Method 2:
For ( 1 ) and ( 3 ) :
( 3 ) ⟹ y = x tan ( θ ) ⟹ x = y = 0 ⟹ A : ( 0 , 0 )
For ( 2 ) and ( 3 ) :
( 3 ) ⟹ y = x tan ( θ ) ⟹ x = 6 cos ( θ ) and y = 6 sin ( θ ) ⟹
C : ( 6 cos ( θ ) , 6 sin ( θ ) ) ⟹ A C = 6
For ( 1 ) and ( 2 ) :
− ( 3 cos ( θ ) + 4 sin ( θ ) ) ∗ ( 1 ) + ( 3 cos ( θ ) − 4 sin ( θ ) ) ∗ ( 2 ) ⟹
x = 3 cos ( θ ) − 4 sin ( θ )
and
( 4 cos ( θ ) − 3 sin ( θ ) ) ∗ ( 1 ) + ( 4 cos ( θ ) + 3 sin ( θ ) ) ∗ ( 2 ) ⟹ y = 4 cos ( θ ) + 3 sin ( θ )
⟹ B : ( 3 cos ( θ ) − 4 sin ( θ ) , 4 cos ( θ ) + 3 sin ( θ ) ) ⟹
A B = B C = 5
D is a midpoint of A C ⟹ D : ( 3 cos ( θ ) , 3 sin ( θ ) ) and from above
B : ( 3 cos ( θ ) − 4 sin ( θ ) , 4 cos ( θ ) + 3 sin ( θ ) ) ⟹ B D = 4
⟹
A △ A B C = 2 1 ( 6 ) ( 4 ) = 1 2 = 2 1 r ( 1 6 ) = 8 r ⟹ r = 2 3 ⟹ A c = 4 9 π = β α π
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Since the result is a unique number, it is independent of θ , so, we can use any convenient value, like θ = 0 for instance. Then, we have the following three lines l 1 : 3 y − 4 x = 0 l 2 : 4 x + 3 y = 2 4 l 3 : y = 0 The rest is simple calculations: The intersection points of the lines are easily calculated l 1 ∩ l 2 ≡ A ( 3 , 4 ) l 2 ∩ l 3 ≡ B ( 6 , 0 ) l 3 ∩ l 1 ≡ C ( 0 , 0 ) The perimeter of △ A B C defined by these points is P = A B + B C + C A = ( 6 − 3 ) 2 + ( 0 − 4 ) 2 + ( 0 − 6 ) 2 + ( 0 − 0 ) 2 + ( 3 − 0 ) 2 + ( 4 − 0 ) 2 = 1 6 The area of the triangle is [ A B C ] = 2 1 B C ⋅ d ( A , B C ) = 2 1 × 6 × 4 = 1 2 For the radius of the incircle of △ A B C we have r = 2 1 P [ A B C ] = 8 1 2 = 2 3 Finally, the area of the incircle is A c = π r 2 = 4 9 π For the answer, a = 9 , b = 4 , thus, A + B = 1 3 .