In right △ A B C , ∠ B = 9 0 , A B = 5 , and B C = 1 2 . Circle O is drawn with the center O on A B , and tangent to the hypotenuse of the triangle and B C . What is the exact radius of the circle, expressed as a decimal?
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We see that △ A B C is a 5 − 1 2 − 1 3 triangle.
If we reflect point C over A B to C ′ , we find that the circle in question is now the incircle of △ A C ′ C , which has side lengths 1 3 , 1 3 and 2 4 .
Since the height is 5 , the area of the new triangle is 2 5 ∗ 2 4 = 6 0 . We also see that the semi-perimeter is 2 5 . Using the formula a = r s , we find 6 0 = 2 5 r , and thus r = 2 . 4 .
Alternate Solution:
Call the radius in question r . Call the tangent to A C as D . Noting that C D and B C are equal tangents of length 1 2 , A D = 1 3 − 1 2 = 1 .
Using Pythagorean Theorem on △ A O D , we find that 1 2 + r 2 = ( 5 − r ) 2 . Simplifying,
1 2 + r 2 = 2 5 + r 2 − 1 0 r .
1 0 r = 2 4 .
r = 2 . 4 .
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Nice! I was just posting a huge solution, and I accidently clicked out of the box @Silas Hundt . Great problem!
Alternate solution: tan(C)=5/12, tan(C/2)=r/12,(easy to prove that CO is bisect for C), using tan(2x)=2tan(x)/(1-tan(x)*tan(x), we can calculate tan(c/2)=2/10 so r =2.4
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BC is a tangent to the circle & centre of the circle (O) lies on AB (which is perpendicular to BC).
Hence BC can be tangent to circle only at B.
Hence, OB=r & AO=(5-r)
Let CA (=13) be tangent to circle at M.
Then, CM=CB (tangents from same point C) = 12
Also, OM=r & AM=13-12=1
Consider now triangle AOM,
A O 2 = A M 2 + O M 2
( 5 − r ) 2 = 1 2 + r 2
On solving, r = 2 . 4