Circle Partially in Triangle

Geometry Level 3

In right A B C , B = 90 , A B = 5 \triangle{ABC}, \angle{B}=90, AB = 5 , and B C = 12 BC = 12 . Circle O O is drawn with the center O O on A B AB , and tangent to the hypotenuse of the triangle and B C BC . What is the exact radius of the circle, expressed as a decimal?


The answer is 2.4.

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2 solutions

Rohit Sachdeva
Oct 3, 2014

BC is a tangent to the circle & centre of the circle (O) lies on AB (which is perpendicular to BC).

Hence BC can be tangent to circle only at B.

Hence, OB=r & AO=(5-r)

Let CA (=13) be tangent to circle at M.

Then, CM=CB (tangents from same point C) = 12

Also, OM=r & AM=13-12=1

Consider now triangle AOM,

A O 2 = A M 2 + O M 2 AO^{2}=AM^{2}+OM^{2}

( 5 r ) 2 = 1 2 + r 2 (5-r)^{2}=1^{2}+r^{2}

On solving, r = 2.4 \boxed{r=2.4}

did in the same way

Ashutosh Kaul - 6 years, 5 months ago
Aayush Gupta
May 4, 2014

We see that A B C \triangle{ABC} is a 5 12 13 5-12-13 triangle.

If we reflect point C C over A B AB to C C' , we find that the circle in question is now the incircle of A C C \triangle{AC'C} , which has side lengths 13 , 13 13, 13 and 24 24 .

Since the height is 5 5 , the area of the new triangle is 5 24 2 = 60 \frac{5 * 24}{2} = 60 . We also see that the semi-perimeter is 25 25 . Using the formula a = r s a = rs , we find 60 = 25 r 60 = 25r , and thus r = 2.4 r=\boxed{2.4} .

Alternate Solution:

Call the radius in question r r . Call the tangent to A C AC as D D . Noting that C D CD and B C BC are equal tangents of length 12 12 , A D = 13 12 = 1 AD=13-12=1 .

Using Pythagorean Theorem on A O D \triangle{AOD} , we find that 1 2 + r 2 = ( 5 r ) 2 1^2 + r^2 = (5-r)^2 . Simplifying,

1 2 + r 2 = 25 + r 2 10 r 1^2 + r^2 = 25 + r^2 - 10r .

10 r = 24 10r = 24 .

r = 2.4 r = \boxed{2.4} .

Aayush Gupta - 7 years, 1 month ago

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Nice! I was just posting a huge solution, and I accidently clicked out of the box @Silas Hundt . Great problem!

Finn Hulse - 7 years, 1 month ago

Alternate solution: tan(C)=5/12, tan(C/2)=r/12,(easy to prove that CO is bisect for C), using tan(2x)=2tan(x)/(1-tan(x)*tan(x), we can calculate tan(c/2)=2/10 so r =2.4

Constantin Merlusca - 7 years ago

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