Circles of Apollonius of a Triangle 2

Geometry Level pending

Three circles, each of which passes through one vertex of the triangle and maintains a constant ratio of distances to the other two, are drawn for a certain obtuse scalene triangle. If the three circles also intersect at one point on the side of the triangle, find the measure of the obtuse angle (in degrees).


The answer is 120.

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1 solution

David Vreken
May 23, 2020

Let the sides of the triangle be a a , b b , and c c , let the angles be A \angle A , B \angle B , and C \angle C , where C \angle C is the obtuse angle, and let D D be the intersection of the three circles on side c c , where d = C D d = CD , as follows:

Then a b = B D A D \frac{a}{b} = \frac{BD}{AD} , which by the angle bisector means that B C D = A C D \angle BCD = \angle ACD . Let θ = B C D = A C D \theta = \angle BCD = \angle ACD .

Also since a b = B D A D \frac{a}{b} = \frac{BD}{AD} , then a b = B D c B D \frac{a}{b} = \frac{BD}{c - BD} , which solves to B D = a c a + b BD = \frac{ac}{a + b} , and A D = c C D = c a c a + b AD = c - CD = c - \frac{ac}{a + b} , which solves to A D = b c a + b AD = \frac{bc}{a + b} .

Also, a c = d A D \frac{a}{c} = \frac{d}{AD} , and since A D = b c a + b AD = \frac{bc}{a + b} , this solves to d = a b a + b d = \frac{ab}{a + b} .

Then by the law of cosines on B C D \triangle BCD , ( a c a + b ) 2 = a 2 + ( a b a + b ) 2 2 a a b a + b cos θ (\frac{ac}{a + b})^2 = a^2 + (\frac{ab}{a + b})^2 - 2 \cdot a \cdot \frac{ab}{a + b} \cos \theta , which simplifies to c 2 = ( a + b ) 2 + b 2 2 ( a + b ) b cos θ c^2 = (a + b)^2 + b^2 - 2(a + b)b \cos \theta , and by the law of cosines on A C D \triangle ACD , ( b c a + b ) 2 = b 2 + ( a b a + b ) 2 2 b a b a + b cos θ (\frac{bc}{a + b})^2 = b^2 + (\frac{ab}{a + b})^2 - 2 \cdot b \cdot \frac{ab}{a + b} \cos \theta , which simplifies to c 2 = ( a + b ) 2 + a 2 2 ( a + b ) a cos θ c^2 = (a + b)^2 + a^2 - 2(a + b)a \cos \theta .

Therefore, c 2 = ( a + b ) 2 + b 2 2 ( a + b ) b cos θ = ( a + b ) 2 + a 2 2 ( a + b ) a cos θ c^2 = (a + b)^2 + b^2 - 2(a + b)b \cos \theta = (a + b)^2 + a^2 - 2(a + b)a \cos \theta , which rearranges to cos θ = 1 2 \cos \theta = \frac{1}{2} , so θ = 60 ° \theta = 60° and C = 2 θ = 120 ° \angle C = 2\theta = \boxed{120°} .

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