Circular Sums

Algebra Level 3

n = 0 2016 e n i π / 2 = a + b i \large \sum_{n=0}^{2016} e^{n i \pi /2}= a+bi

If the equation above holds true for real numbers a a and b b , find a + b a+b .

Clarification : i = 1 i=\sqrt{-1} denotes the imaginary unit .


The answer is 1.

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2 solutions

S = n = 0 2016 e n i π 2 = n = 0 2016 ( i ) n = 1 + ( i + i 2 + i 3 + i 4 ) + ( i 5 + i 6 + i 7 + i 8 ) + + ( i 2013 + i 2014 + i 2015 + i 2016 ) = 1 + ( 0 ) + ( 0 ) + + ( 0 ) = 1 S = \displaystyle \sum_{n=0}^{2016} e^{\dfrac{ni\pi}{2}} = \sum_{n=0}^{2016} (i)^{n} = 1 + (i+i^2+i^3+i^4) + (i^5 + i^6 + i^7 + i^8) + \ldots + (i^{2013} + i^{2014} +i^{2015} + i^{2016} ) = 1 + (0) + (0) + \ldots + (0) = 1

Comparing a = 1 , b = 0 a = 1, b = 0
a + b = 1 a + b = 1

Evaluating the first 4 terms would give: e 0 e^{0} =1, e i π / 2 e^{i\pi/2} =i, e i π e^{i\pi} =-1 and e 3 i π / 2 e^{3i\pi/2} =-i

Clearly this means that whenever n is in the form 4m-1 the sum is 0. 4|2016 therefore the sum is 0+ e 2016 i π / 2 e^{2016i\pi/2} which is 1.

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