Circumferences

Geometry Level 3

In the image above these two circumferences are tangent at point B. Find the radius of the smaller circle.


The answer is 2.5.

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3 solutions

Let R R be the radius of the larger circle, and let M M be the center of the smaller circle. Then

( M Q ) 2 = ( O Q ) 2 + ( M O ) 2 (MQ)^{2} = (OQ)^{2} + (MO)^{2} .

Now ( O Q ) = R 3 (OQ) = R - 3 ,

( M Q ) = ( M P ) = 1 2 ( 2 R 4 ) = R 2 (MQ) = (MP) = \frac{1}{2}(2R - 4) = R - 2 , and

( M O ) = ( M P ) ( O P ) = ( R 2 ) ( R 4 ) = 2 (MO) = (MP) - (OP) = (R - 2) - (R - 4) = 2 .

So we have that

( R 2 ) 2 = ( R 3 ) 2 + 2 2 R 2 4 R + 4 = R 2 6 R + 9 + 4 (R - 2)^{2} = (R - 3)^{2} + 2^{2} \Longrightarrow R^{2} - 4R + 4 = R^{2} - 6R + 9 + 4

2 R = 9 R = 4.5 \Longrightarrow 2R = 9 \Longrightarrow R = 4.5 .

So the radius of the smaller circle is ( M Q ) = R 2 = 2.5 (MQ) = R - 2 = \boxed{2.5} .

OP, How do you know that MP=R-4

Tasneem Khaled - 6 years, 10 months ago

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First note that ( M P ) (MP) is the radius of the smaller circle and that ( M P ) = R 2 (MP) = R - 2 , and not R 4 R - 4 . To see why, since the diameter of the larger circle is 2 R 2R , the diameter of the smaller circle will be

2 R ( A P ) = 2 R 4 = 2 ( R 2 ) 2R - (AP) = 2R - 4 = 2*(R - 2) .

The radius of the smaller circle will then be half of this, i.e., R 2 R - 2 .

Brian Charlesworth - 6 years, 10 months ago

how do you know that (OP) = R-4?

Deddy Wirata - 6 years, 10 months ago

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From the diagram we have that (AO) = (AP) + (OP), and so (OP) = (AO) - (AP). Now (AO) = R and (AP) = 4, so (OP) = R - 4.

Brian Charlesworth - 6 years, 10 months ago
Josh Speckman
Aug 11, 2014

We can apply Power of a Point Theorem here. Let the radius of the larger circle be x x . We have ( x 3 ) 2 = x ( x 4 ) (x-3)^2=x(x-4) . Solving this yields x = 9 2 x=\dfrac{9}{2} . We know that A B \overline{AB} is a diameter of O \circ O , so it has length 2 9 2 = 9 2 \cdot \dfrac{9}{2} = 9 . We also know that P B \overline{PB} is a diameter of the smaller circle. We have P B = A B A P = 9 4 = 5 \overline{PB}=\overline{AB}-\overline{AP} = 9-4 = 5 , so the diameter of the smaller circle is 5 5 , and the diameter is 5 2 = 2.5 \dfrac{5}{2} = \boxed{2.5}

Hehe, you mean radius not diameter.

Eric LeClair - 6 years, 10 months ago

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Oh yeah, my bad

Josh Speckman - 6 years, 10 months ago

denote h=OP ( 4 + h ) h = ( 1 + h ) 2 (4+h)h=(1+h)^2 2 h = 1 2h=1 h = 1 2 h=\frac{1}{2} r = 5 2 = 2.5 \ r=\frac{5}{2}=\boxed{2.5}

Do you mean O Q 2 = O P O A OQ^2=OP\cdot OA ? How do you know this?

mathh mathh - 6 years, 10 months ago

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This is a regular expression in right three-angles

Nguyen Thanh Long - 6 years, 10 months ago

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