In the image above these two circumferences are tangent at point B. Find the radius of the smaller circle.
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OP, How do you know that MP=R-4
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First note that ( M P ) is the radius of the smaller circle and that ( M P ) = R − 2 , and not R − 4 . To see why, since the diameter of the larger circle is 2 R , the diameter of the smaller circle will be
2 R − ( A P ) = 2 R − 4 = 2 ∗ ( R − 2 ) .
The radius of the smaller circle will then be half of this, i.e., R − 2 .
how do you know that (OP) = R-4?
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From the diagram we have that (AO) = (AP) + (OP), and so (OP) = (AO) - (AP). Now (AO) = R and (AP) = 4, so (OP) = R - 4.
We can apply Power of a Point Theorem here. Let the radius of the larger circle be x . We have ( x − 3 ) 2 = x ( x − 4 ) . Solving this yields x = 2 9 . We know that A B is a diameter of ∘ O , so it has length 2 ⋅ 2 9 = 9 . We also know that P B is a diameter of the smaller circle. We have P B = A B − A P = 9 − 4 = 5 , so the diameter of the smaller circle is 5 , and the diameter is 2 5 = 2 . 5
Hehe, you mean radius not diameter.
denote h=OP ( 4 + h ) h = ( 1 + h ) 2 2 h = 1 h = 2 1 r = 2 5 = 2 . 5
Do you mean O Q 2 = O P ⋅ O A ? How do you know this?
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This is a regular expression in right three-angles
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Let R be the radius of the larger circle, and let M be the center of the smaller circle. Then
( M Q ) 2 = ( O Q ) 2 + ( M O ) 2 .
Now ( O Q ) = R − 3 ,
( M Q ) = ( M P ) = 2 1 ( 2 R − 4 ) = R − 2 , and
( M O ) = ( M P ) − ( O P ) = ( R − 2 ) − ( R − 4 ) = 2 .
So we have that
( R − 2 ) 2 = ( R − 3 ) 2 + 2 2 ⟹ R 2 − 4 R + 4 = R 2 − 6 R + 9 + 4
⟹ 2 R = 9 ⟹ R = 4 . 5 .
So the radius of the smaller circle is ( M Q ) = R − 2 = 2 . 5 .