, where and are coprime positive integers. Find .
A coin of diameter 1 is tossed onto an infinitely large chess board with squares of side 2. The probability that the coin lands on a position that touches both black and white is given by
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Let's start by looking at only one square. If the coin bleeds into another square, then it touches both black and white, so we want 1 − probability that it lands entirely in a square.
Since the coin has radius 2 1 , we then know that if the center of the coin lands more than 2 1 units from the border of the square, it will be entirely within the region.
This gives us a 1 × 1 square that the coin can land in, so the probability it lies in more than one square is 1 − 2 2 1 2 = 4 3 which gives us our answer of 3 + 4 = 7