A telegraph has 5 arms and each arm is capable of 4 distinct positions, including the position of rest. Find the total number of signals that can be made.
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Each arm is capable of 4 positions. So , first arm is capable of 4 positions, second too of 4 positions, third too of 4 positions, fourth too of 4 positions , fifth too of 4 positions. So, the number of positions it can make = 4 × 4 × 4 × 4 × 4 = 4 5 = 1 0 2 4 But the telegraph wont send a signal in rest position, so the number of wignals it can make = 1 0 2 4 − 1 = 1 0 2 3 .