Find the number of ways in which we can select three integers from the set of integers, such that no two are consecutive
: Prove this for selecting integers from first natural numbers such that no two are consecutive.
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Let n 1 , n 2 , n 3 be a given combination of 3 integers chosen, and without loss of generality suppose n 1 < n 2 < n 3 .
Now let a be the number of integers in S = 1 , 2 , 3 , . . . . , 4 9 less than n 1 , b the number of integers in S between n 1 and n 2 , c the number of integers in S between n 2 and n 3 , and d the number of integers in S greater than n 3 .
Then a + b + c + d = 4 6 such that a , d ≥ 0 and b , c ≥ 1 , (in order to ensure that n 1 , n 2 , n 3 are not consecutive).
Now let b ′ = b − 1 and c ′ = c − 1 . We then have the equation a + b ′ + c ′ + d = 4 4 with a , b , c , d ≥ 0 , which is a 'stars and bars' calculation with solution ( 3 4 7 ) = 1 6 2 1 5 .
In similar fashion, the general formula is found to be ( r n − r + 1 ) .