Common Tangent Mania 2

Calculus Level pending

Let e e be Euler's number and a , b a, b and c c be real numbers and x > 1 e |x| > \dfrac{1}{e} .

Let f ( x ) = lim n j = 1 n ( j n ) n ( 1 x ) n j f(x) = \lim_{n \rightarrow \infty} \sum_{j = 1}^{n} (\dfrac{j}{n})^n (\dfrac{1}{x})^{n - j} and g ( x ) = a x 2 + b x + c g(x) = ax^2 + bx + c .

If f ( 1 ) = g ( 1 ) f(1) = g(1) and f ( x ) f(x) and g ( x ) g(x) have a common tangent at x = e x = e , find a + b + c \lfloor{a + b + c}\rfloor .


The answer is 1.

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1 solution

Rocco Dalto
Jun 17, 2018

f ( x ) = lim n j = 1 n ( j n ) n ( 1 x ) n j = f(x) = \lim_{n \rightarrow \infty} \sum_{j = 1}^{n} (\dfrac{j}{n})^n (\dfrac{1}{x})^{n - j} = lim n j = 0 n 1 ( 1 j n ) n ( 1 x ) j = \lim_{n \rightarrow \infty} \sum_{j = 0}^{n - 1} (1 - \dfrac{j}{n})^n (\dfrac{1}{x})^{j} = j = 0 ( 1 e x ) j = e x e x 1 \sum_{j = 0}^{\infty} (\dfrac{1}{ex})^j = \dfrac{ex}{ex - 1} on x > 1 e |x| > \dfrac{1}{e} .

Let g ( x ) = a x 2 + b x + c g(x) = ax^2 + bx + c .

f ( 1 ) = g ( 1 ) a + b + c = e e 1 f(1) = g(1) \implies \boxed{a + b + c = \dfrac{e}{e - 1}}

f ( e ) = g ( e ) e 2 a + e b + c = e 2 e 2 1 f(e) = g(e) \implies \boxed{e^2a + eb + c = \dfrac{e^2}{e^2 - 1}}

d d x ( f ( x ) ) = e ( e x 1 ) 2 \dfrac{d}{dx}(f(x)) = -\dfrac{e}{(ex - 1)^2} and d d x ( g ( x ) ) = 2 a x + b \dfrac{d}{dx}(g(x)) = 2ax + b

d d x ( f ( x ) ) x = e = d d x ( g ( x ) ) x = e \dfrac{d}{dx}(f(x))|_{x = e} = \dfrac{d}{dx}(g(x))|_{x = e} \implies 2 e a + b = e ( e 2 1 ) 2 \boxed{2ea + b = -\dfrac{-e}{(e^2 - 1)^2}}

Solving the system we obtain:

( e + 1 ) a + b = e ( e 1 ) 2 ( e + 1 ) (e + 1)a + b = -\dfrac{e}{(e - 1)^2 (e + 1)}

2 e a + b = e ( e 1 ) 2 ( e + 1 ) 2 2ea + b = -\dfrac{e}{(e - 1)^2 (e + 1)^2}

a = e 2 ( e 1 ) 3 ( e + 1 ) 2 b = 2 e 2 + e ( e 1 ) 3 ( e + 1 ) c = e 5 ( e 1 ) 3 ( e + 1 ) 2 \implies a = \dfrac{e^2}{(e - 1)^3 (e + 1)^2} \implies b = \dfrac{-2e^2 + e}{(e - 1)^3 (e + 1)} \implies c = \dfrac{e^5}{(e - 1)^3 (e + 1)^2}

a + b + c = e ( e 2 1 ) 2 ( e 1 ) 3 ( e + 1 ) 2 = \implies \lfloor{a + b + c}\rfloor = \lfloor{\dfrac{e(e^2 - 1)^2}{(e - 1)^3 (e + 1)^2}}\rfloor =
e e 1 = 1 + 1 e 1 = 1 \lfloor{\dfrac{e}{e - 1}}\rfloor = \lfloor{1 + \dfrac{1}{e - 1}}\rfloor = \boxed{1} .

Note: The common tangent line to both curves is: ( e 2 1 ) 2 y + e x e 4 = 0 (e^2 - 1)^2 y + ex - e^4 = 0 .

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