Comparing Fractions

Algebra Level 2

For x > 100 x > 100 , which of the following is larger?

A = 1 x 1 + 1 x + 1 or B = 1 x 2 + 1 x + 2 A = \dfrac{1}{x-1} + \dfrac{1}{x+1} \quad \text{or} \quad B = \dfrac{1}{x-2} + \dfrac{1}{x+2}

A A B B They are equal

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3 solutions

Zee Ell
Aug 7, 2016

A = 1 x + 1 + 1 x 1 = 2 x x 2 1 A = \frac {1}{x + 1} + \frac {1}{x - 1} = \frac {2x} {x^2 - 1}

B = 1 x + 2 + 1 x 2 = 2 x x 2 4 B = \frac {1}{x + 2} + \frac {1}{x - 2} = \frac {2x}{x^2 - 4}

As we can see, the numerators are the same (and since x > 100, both the numerators and the denominators are positive), therefore the fraction with the smaller denominator will be the bigger number:

x 2 4 < x 2 1 4 < 1 x^2 - 4 < x^2 - 1 \iff -4 < -1 , therefore A < B \boxed {A < B} .

Consider the following:

A B = 1 x 1 + 1 x + 1 1 x 2 + 1 x + 2 = 2 x x 2 1 2 x x 2 4 = x 2 4 x 2 1 = 1 3 x 2 1 < 1 \begin{aligned} \frac AB & = \frac {\frac 1{x-1} + \frac 1{x+1}}{\frac 1{x-2} + \frac 1{x+2}} = \frac {\frac {2x}{x^2-1}}{\frac {2x}{x^2-4}} = \frac {x^2-4}{x^2-1} = 1 - \frac 3{x^2-1} < 1 \end{aligned} for x > 1 |x| > 1 .

Therefore, B > A \boxed{B} > A for x > 100 x > 100 .

Steven Chase
Aug 8, 2016

From a graphical perspective, the magnitude of the slope of 1 x \frac{1}{x} gets smaller as x x gets larger. This means that:

1 x 2 \frac{1}{x-2} - 1 x 1 \frac{1}{x-1} > 1 x + 1 \frac{1}{x+1} - 1 x + 2 \frac{1}{x+2}

Re-arranging gives:

1 x 2 \frac{1}{x-2} + 1 x + 2 \frac{1}{x+2} > 1 x 1 \frac{1}{x-1} + 1 x + 1 \frac{1}{x+1}

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