Comparing nearly identical expressions

Calculus Level 2

I will attempt to prove that = 2 \infty- \infty =2 . In which of the 3 steps below did I first make a mistake by using flawed logic?

  • Step 1: Consider the two expressions ( 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + ) (1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + \cdots) and ( 1 2 3 4 ) . (1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - \cdots).
  • Step 2: If we were to add up these two, all but the first numbers are canceled out in pairs: ( 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + ) + ( 1 2 3 4 ) = ( 1 + 1 ) + ( 2 2 ) + ( 3 3 ) + ( 4 4 ) + = 2 + 0 + 0 + 0 + . \begin{aligned} &(1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + \cdots) + (1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - \cdots) \\\\ =& (1 + 1) + (2-2) + (3-3) + (4-4)+ \cdots \\\\ =& 2 + 0 + 0 + 0 +\cdots. \end{aligned}
  • Step 3: Simplifying this equation gives = 2. \infty - \infty = 2 .
Step 1 Step 2 Step 3

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1 solution

Rajdeep Ghosh
Apr 26, 2018

Simply speaking, the flaw is that you added two infinite series term-wise. As far as I remember, Ramanujan did the same thing and ended up proving that the sum of the natural set is -1/12. The radical mistake is that infinite series cannot be operated or rearranged like finite series.

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