Nihar got a good grade at school, so I gave him two dollar bills. Then, since PiHan got a better grade, I gave him just enough five dollar bills so that he got more money than Nihar. Finally, since Calvin got the best grade, I gave him just enough ten dollar bills so that he got more money than PiHan. What is the maximum amount of money (in terms of ) that Calvin could have received?
is a positive integer.
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Nihar received 2 N dollars and PiHan received 2 N + 1 , 2 N + 2 , 2 N + 3 , 2 N + 4 or 2 N + 5 dollars depending on what residue class N belongs to modulo 5 . But since PiHan gets $ 5 bills, his amount is divisible by 5 . Calvin will then receive either $ 5 more than PiHan (if PiHan's amount is not divisible by 1 0 ) or $ 1 0 more than PiHan (if PiHan's amount is divisible by 1 0 ). Clearly 2 N + 5 is odd, thus not divisible by 1 0 . So the maximum occurs when PiHan receives 2 N + 4 dollars, which means 2N \equiv 1 \text{ mod } 5 , i.e. N \equiv 3 \text{ mod } 5 , and that maximum (what Calvin receives) is 2 N + 1 4 .